anthrax, a zoonotic disease caused by bacillus anthracis, has affected humans since ancient times. for genomic characterization of razi b. anthracis sterne 34f2 substrain, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping method developed by van erth, variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr)-8 analysis proposed by keim, and multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva)-3 introduced by levy were employed. in th...

Anthrax, a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, has affected humans since ancient times. For genomic characterization of Razi B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 substrain, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method developed by Van Erth, variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)-8 analysis proposed by Keim, and multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA)-3 introduced by Levy were employed. In th...

The behavior of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores in sterile raw ground beef was measured at storage temperatures of 2 to 70 degrees C, encompassing both bacterial growth and death. B. anthracis Sterne was weakly inactivated (-0.003 to -0.014 log10 CFU/h) at storage temperatures of 2 to 16 degrees C and at temperatures greater than and equal to 45 degrees C. Growth was observed from 17 to 44 deg...

Fubra, Ernest S. (Federal Department of Veterinary Research, Vom, Nigeria). Nonproteolytic, avirulent Bacillus anthracis as a live vaccine. J. Bacteriol. 91:930-933. 1966.-A nonproteolytic mutant, derived from the Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, was used for vaccination of guinea pigs. Vaccine prepared from the parent Sterne strain was used in comparabl...

This paper adds one more contribution to the large literature on binomial confidence intervals for small samples (e.g., Clopper and Pearson 1934; Pearson and Hartley 1954; Sterne 1954; Crow 1956; Blyth and Still 1983; Blyth 1986; Santner and Duffy 1989; Agresti and Coull 1998; Henderson and Meyer 2001). Clopper and Peason (1934) gave the first two-sided binomial confidence intervals, in graphic...

Germination of Bacillus anthracis Sterne and plasmidless Delta-Sterne endospores was dramatically enhanced in RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells, while germination of nonpathogenic Bacillus endospores was not. Elimination of gerS, a germinant receptor locus, caused a complete loss of cell-enhanced germination, implicating gerS in the breaking of endospore dormancy in vivo.

The effect of anthrax infection on phosphoprotein signaling was studied in human small airway lung epithelial cells exposed to B. anthracis spores of the plasmidless dSterne strain in comparison with the Sterne strain containing the toxigenic plasmid (pXO1). The differential regulation of phosphorylation was found in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (ERK, p38, and P90RSK), the PI3K ...

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis spore-forming bacterium. Since it is primarily a disease of animals, the control in animals, and humans depend on the prevention in livestock, principally cattle, sheep, and goats. Most veterinary vaccines utilize the toxigenic, uncapsulated (pXO1+/pXO2-) B. anthracis strain 34F2 which affords protection through the production of neutra...