in recent years, mathematics is an essential aspect of all areas of daily life and the best predictor of being successful in economic situations of society. for many students, the mathematics accompanied with frustration, anxiety and negative attitudes towards mathematics. these students believe their anxiety have been derived from their math teachers, math misconception and weakness in math as...

this study historically analyzes the scientific output of mathematics to describe its structure, notions and scientific origin using the historiographical method. the research data consisted of scientific outputs of mathematics in isi database, science citation index (sci) and social science citation index (ssci) during 8 years (1990 to 2007). the data collection tool was the search engine and ...

In this paper we use the Triangular and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers as tools for assessing student Mathematical Modelling (MM) skills. Fuzzy Numbers play a fundamental role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in classical mathematics, On the other hand, MM appears today as a dynamic tool for teaching and learning mathematics, because it connects mathematics w...

Introduction: In Pharmacy Diploma Program, mathematics is known as pharmaceutical mathematics. Due to the importance of pharmaceutical mathematics in practice, it is important to have a basic mathematical skill as a basis in calculations in pharmaceutical science. Therefore, it is necessary to create a lecturing condition that enables students more active in understanding the lessons. This rese...

the control problem and dynamic programming is a powerful tool in economics and management. we review the dynamic programming problem from its beginning up to its present stages. a problem which was involved in physics and mathematics in i 7” century led to a branch of mathematics called calculus of variation which was used in economic, and management at the end of the first quarter of the 20” ...