context maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and alpha fetal protein (afp) were originally introduced to detect trisomy 21 and neural tube defects. however, in the absence of aneuploidy or neural tube defects, mid-trimester maternal serum hcg and/or maternal serum afp associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. pregnancies with unexplained mid-trimester elevation in maternal serum ...

BACKGROUND Down syndrome is one of the most important causes of mental retardation in the population. In the absence of prenatal screening and diagnosis, prevalence at birth in the United States would currently exceed 1:600. The purpose of prenatal screening is to identify those women at the increased risk for an affected pregnancy and to maximize the options available to these women. TESTS A...

background: fetal nasal bone assessment is a non-invasive procedure that helps provide even greater assurance to patients undergoing their first trimester risk assessment for aneuploidies. absence or presence of this factor is different in some races. objective: the study was aimed to evaluate nasal bone in the first trimester of pregnancy in the indigenous population of khuzestan province, and...

Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies is the most frequent prenatal test offered to pregnant women. In most cases, they are recommended in the following circumstances: maternal age of 35 years or above; positive firstor second-trimester screening test results, and increased risk of fetal aneuploidies due to family history. During the first trimester, screening tests include: nuchal tra...

Screening examination for maternal, especially serum, is a non-invasive of the fetus’s condition. During pregnancy, screening examinations are performed in women recommended ultrasonography (USG), amniocentesis, or other obstetric interventions. There three markers maternal serum screening: alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol. Maternal alpha-fetoprote...

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication during pregnancy. So, a large number of studies have evaluated the usefulness of different screening tests. The aim of this study was focused on the potential of only first-trimester screening used in the prediction of GDM. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and S...

The purpose of the current study was to propose a Korean-specific parameter set for calculating the risk of Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy and to determine the screening performances of triple and quadruple tests in Korean women. Using the data on triple or quadruple screening from three hospitals in Korea during 7 yr, we re-converted the concentrations of four serum markers...

Antenatal screening for fetal anomalies has provided women and their partners with information to make reproductive choices based on the risk of serious chromosomal or structural defects since the 1990s. Alternative tests include first-trimester screening (combined ultrasound and maternal serum markers), second-trimester maternal serum markers and noninvasive cell-free DNA testing. The recent r...

2.4 Invasive Diagnostic Tests .......................... 11 2.4.1 Amniocentesis ............................................. 11 2.4.2 Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS) ............ 11 2.4.3 Prenatal Maternal Serum Screening ........... 11 2.4.4 Fetal Blood Sampling (FBS)....................... 12 2.4.5 Fetal Surgery ............................................... 12 2.4.6 Genetic Diagnoses .......

Screening and diagnostic testing play fundamental roles in all fields of clinical medicine, with obstetric imaging and prenatal diagnosis being no exceptions. With advances in maternal serum screening and ultrasound technology, much research effort in the field of pre-natal diagnosis has actually been dedicated to the development and refinement of screening tests for fetal aneuploidy and other ...