statement of problem: it has been established that successful root canal treatment depends on the quality of obturation. deeper penetration of spreaders can improve the apical seal and the quality of the obturation. purpose: the aim of this study was to compare the initial penetration depth of spreaders during lateral condensation of 0.04 and 0.02 tapered gutta-percha master cones. materials an...

The GUIDE-HF team1 should be congratulated on attempting to master congestion, a key driver of symptoms, signs, and progression heart failure. Controlling congestion is associated with an excellent prognosis,2 consideration for new universal definition failure.3 Symptoms signs are late, subjective, insensitive measures compared blood biomarkers, ultrasound, haemodynamics.3,4 Raised (>15 mm Hg) ...

Control of microstructure parameters that affecting the Al-Ti-C master alloys grain refining efficiency is leading to improve the aluminum grain refinement. This study was an attempt to produce Al-Ti-C master alloys that provide these controlling factors with relying on the solute effect theory. The produced master alloys were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispers...