the trace element contents on the surface originated from mineralization would depend to the thickness of the calcrete layer above the ore deposit on the surface. a very thick layer of calcrete may not allow for much dispersion of the elements of interest in the surface. these elements may be concentrated in non-magnetic and magnetic part of calcrete. based on the current research, mineralogica...

The massive sulphide deposit at Kantienpan Cu-Zn mine is hosted by volcano sedimentary succession known as the Areachap Group, in the eastern part of Namaqua Metamorphic Province, South Africa. The deposits were affected by a complex deformation and metamorphic history and represent examples of upper amphibolite to granulite grade metamorphosed volcanic-hosted m...

Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits are also known as volcanic-associated, volcanic-hosted, and volcano-sedimentary-hosted massive sulphide deposits. They typically occur as lenses of polymetallic massive sulphide that form at or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic environments. They form from metal-enriched fluids associated with seafloor hydrothermal convection. Their immediate h...

Kudz Ze Kayah (KZK) and Wolverine are volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits hosted by Early Mississippian meta-rhyolites, marine metasedimentary rocks and intermediate to mafc metatuffs of the Yukon Tanana Terrane in the Simpson Range, southern Yukon (Figure I). This project aims to pinpoint, within central northern B.C., stratigraphy favorable to the formation of Early Mississippian volcanoge...

the massive sulphide deposit at kantienpan cu-zn mine is hosted by volcano sedimentary succession known as the areachap group, in the eastern part of namaqua metamorphic province, south africa. the deposits were affected by a complex deformation and metamorphic history and represent examples of upper amphibolite to granulite grade metamorphosed volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (vhms) depo...

Seafloor massive sulphide deposits are potential resources for base and precious metals (Cu-Pb-Zn ± Ag ± Au), but difficulties in estimating precise reserves and assessing environmental impacts hinder exploration and commercial mining. Here, we report petrological and geochemical properties of sulphide chimneys less than 2 years old that formed where scientific boreholes vented hydrothermal flu...

The Late Devonian to Early Mississippian is an important metallogenic epoch within the Canadian cordillera resulting in the production of significant sediment exhalative massive sulphide (SEDEX) and volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineral occurrences within rocks of cratonic or pericratonic affinity. Major belts include the Late Devonian Earn-hosted SEDEX deposits of the Selwyn and Gataga d...

The Eagle Bay assemblage in south central British Columbia contains numerous polymetallic massive sulphide deposits, mainly within highly deformed and metamorphosed Devonian felsic volcanic rocks. A number of these, including Rea and Homestake, have had limited past production, and others have undergone extensive exploration and development. Less known and understood are the sediment-hosted mas...

Kudz Ze Kayah (KZK) and Wolverine are volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits hosted by Early Mississippian meta-rhyolites, marine metasediientmy rocks and intermediate to mafic met&offs of the Yukon Tanana Terrane in the Finlayson Lake area, southern Yukon (Figure 1). This area became a focus of intense exploration in late 1994, following Cominco’s discovery of significant massive sulphides ass...

The historically productive copper-bearing Besshi-type sulphide deposits in the Japanese accretionary complex were formed as volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits on the deep-sea floor of the Panthalassa Ocean. Here we report that eleven typical Besshi-type deposits yielded Re-Os isochron ages around 150 Ma (148.4 ± 1.4 Ma from the composite isochron) in Late Jurassic time. This date coincides...