Unreinforced masonry is that in which the tensile strength of the masonry is taken into consideration in design. Allowable out-of-plane tensile stress values are a function of the mortar type, such as Portland cement/lime mortar vs. masonry cement mortar or type M or S mortar vs. type N mortar. The allowable tensile stress is also a function of the masonry construction, such as tension parallel...

Basically, all masonry units are suitable for tests. Randomly sample 5 masonry units for determining the moisture content. Additionally, for tests with no preload, randomly sample a further 15 masonry units for the construction of the specimens and, for tests with preload, randomly sample a further 15 masonry units per preload value for the construction of the specimens. A minimum of 3 preload ...

the successful management in construction costing of wood dry kilns is an advantageous approach which brings us not only the assurance in service profitability but also gives rise customer’s satisfaction. the construction costing of two types of wood dry kilns, namely, prefabricated aluminum-and masonry kilns with normal operation temperature was studied. for this purpose, the construction, dep...

Given that concrete masonry walls are expected to experience shrinkage combined with thermal expansion and contraction, and in some cases even carbonation, throughout their service life, cracking is to be expected. However, after concrete masonry walls have been placed into service, originally anticipated and accounted for cracking is often misdiagnosed as a structural defect. Such misdiagnoses...

Walls of corridors and chambers in the Neolithic dolmens of Portugal and Spain were constructed using megalithic slabs or masonry. When constructed with slabs, the slabs were arranged using two very different construction systems, based either on placement of an orthostat or on imbrication of the slabs. Although generally dolmens are described with orthostats, on the Iberian Peninsula are most ...

In this paper, earthquake-resistance behaviors of existing masonry structures are evaluated based on a certain masonry building. The existing masonry structure is evaluated in its defects of primary design and construction measurements, seismic bearing capacity and durability. Based on results of evaluation, the seismic reinforcement design is introduced for improving earthquake-resistance beha...

Our research focuses on how new computational tools and design methods can support the design process of masonry buildings. Specifically we discuss the potential of parametric modeling technologies to promote innovation by embedding knowledge on masonry construction as both generative rules and checker functions. Their goal is to inform designers on the feasibility of their intents on early sta...

4 FRP strengthening systems for infill masonry walls are typically designed to resist flexural stresses due to out-of5 plane pressure. Previous research has shown that there are potential premature failure mechanisms due to shear 6 sliding of the infill, which could reduce the effectiveness of the strengthening system. Current design guidelines for 7 strengthening of masonry walls with fiber-re...

Since the establishment of ASTM standard C91, masonry cement mortars have become widely used for masonry construction in low to moderate seismic regions. However, the Masonry Standards Joint Committee Code prohibits the use of masonry cement mortars in lateral force resisting systems for structures that fall into Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F. The general objective of this study is to e...

URM (Unreinforced Masonry) historic buildings can be generally arranged into three categories: adobe, brick and stone masonry. However, a common feature of URM structures is typically the low mechanical properties of the masonry material, especially in terms of shear strength. URM buildings are not amenable to seismic analysis, and the relatively low strength of stone and brickwork masonry ofte...