objectives: talking about needs, it means to consider the reasons of human behavior. because such behavior starts with one or several needs which will cause to develop different societies according to the degree of civilization, and also social-cultural factors treat differently with blinds, so these different circumstances can create different needs and motivation for them. methods: on this ba...

Cultural displays, such as art and science, are proposed to be used by males to compete for potential mates. As a result, the desire to engage in such behaviours will diminish following marriage. Male competition in sport can be considered a cultural display for potential mates, therefore male sporting performance will be negatively affected by marriage. Here we show that professional male tenn...

Background: Childbearing is considered to be one of the main purposes of marriage in Iranian culture.  The aim of this study was to assess relationships among age of marriage, religious and educational levels, participation of couples in childbearing and finical status with childbearing motivation using structural equation model. Materials and Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of pre...

Desire has been a marginal topic in TESOL. This study investigated whether and to what extent English learning affects Taiwanese young females’ aspiration toward western males. Four hundred ninety-nine respondents filled out a questionnaire that investigates their English learning experience and aspiration to cross–culture marriage with western males. Sixteen were interviewed. Results showed co...

The present research intended to study the motivation in couples along the life cycle and its relation to happiness and satisfaction. 185 heterosexual couples, separated into seven groups, participated in this study. Motivation was assessed using MS Motivation Scale (Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985; Portuguese version by Abreu-Afonso & Leal, 2009), a Unique Index Scale for Assessment of Marital G...

This paper uses a micro-approach to examine the motivation and processes of rapid fertility decline in a Kerala village. Fertility declined in the village substantially during the 1970s and continued to decline to reach replacement level at the time of study. The proximate determinants are postponement of marriage and extensive use of contraceptives. However, the changes in these factors were t...

This article explores the communication competencies of Adolescent activists in fighting child marriage West Java. The condition Covid 19 pandemic has increased rates in  Online schools and higher use digital media are reasons for increase research a employed qualitative method with phenomenological approach. Covid-19 Pandemic demanded to improve their competence; thus, message protection ...