import of 2000 tons of butter that meets parts of domestic need equals over100 million dollar per year. also we can produce butter flavouring in the product using encubation of di-acetyl mesophillic starter and yoghurt thermophillic starter  in skim milk (water phase). the sample that is produced with mesophillic starter had a better aroma in %5 level than imported lactic butter and has little ...

  Margarine contains a higher level of unsaturated and trans-fatty acids (TFA) than butter. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of these products in Iranian market during storage. Physicochemical analyses included fatty acid composition, peroxide and Anisidine values, slip melting point (SMP), color, chlorophyll content, solid fat content (SFC) and texture an...

Shea butter is the edible fat extracted from the nut of African Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). Consequence of having half of its fatty acids saturated, Shea butter melts at a very high temperature and will be a suitable raw material for margarine production. Margarine is a butter mimicry that is produced from vegetable oils and water. The production of margarine requires a solid fat. Hence hy...

Butter, margarine and butter oil are three products which consume daily by Iranian’scommunity. Detection of type and existence of synthetic antioxidants (SAs) quantities in the margarine, butter and butter oil samples is so important in point of view of the safety. For this purpose, peroxide value (PV), oxidative stability (OS), iodine value (IV), fatty acid analysis (FA), type and amount of SA...

Up to the 19th-century, fat was relatively expensive and butter was a luxury. The poor lived mainly on potatoes and bread, which were cheap, supplemented whenever possible with whatever source of protein and fat they could afford. Not surprisingly, mortality was high amongst the poorer classes. To fill the gap in the market cheap substitutes for butter began to be produced in the last quarter o...

margarine contains a higher level of unsaturated and trans-fatty acids (tfa) than butter. the aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of these products in iranian market during storage. physicochemical analyses included fatty acid composition, peroxide and anisidine values, slip melting point (smp), color, chlorophyll content, solid fat content (sfc) and texture anal...

Butter is a high-cost oil, so it sometimes sold by mixing margarine being cheaper oil manufacturers. Fake butter has negative effects on both the health of consumers and economy. In our study, some traditional modern methods were applied for detection fake butter. Three samples consisting pure (PB), (PM), half-mixed butter-margarine (BM) mixture examined. The physical chemical properties these ...

The effect of diets containing 50% of fat calories from butter, butter enriched with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and margarines with and without trans fatty acids on the serum lipids of 38 healthy men in a free-living condition have been determined. Serum lipid responses to the high level of individual dietary fats were unexpectedly small. The butter diet produced a small, but signif...

milk fat is frequently adulterated to meet the demand which exceeds the supply and to increase profit margins. samples of butter adulterated with different levels (5, 10 and 15% w/w) of margarine were prepared and analysed using different methods including refractive index, iodine, reichert-meissl and polenske values. gc and hplc were utilized to determine fatty acid and tocol profiles of sampl...