objective: different signaling pathways have been identified that are involved in the cellular response to opiates. the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways underlying the neuronal response to opiates. micrornas (mirnas) are considered to be post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with paramount significance, which plays key roles i...

Ginsenoside F1 is a biologically active compound identified potential from Korean Panax ginseng Meyer. In the present study, the potential targets of ginsenoside F1 were investigated by computational target fishing approaches including ADMET prediction, biological activity prediction from chemical structure, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics methods. Results were suggested to express th...

Ginsenoside F1 is a biologically active compound identified potential from Korean Panax ginseng Meyer. In the present study, the potential targets of ginsenoside F1 were investigated by computational target fishing approaches including ADMET prediction, biological activity prediction from chemical structure, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics methods. Results were suggested to express th...

Glutamate, as an essential neurotransmitter, has been thought to have different roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis. Excessive glutamate causes an up-regulation of the multiple signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, mitogen-activat...

background: the wnt/β- the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in many developmental processes in both fetal and adult life; its abnormalities can lead to disorders including several types of cancers and malfunction of specific cells and tissues in both animals and humans. its role in reproductive processes has been proven. objective: this study was designed to evaluate the expression o...

objective(s) inhibitors of p38 map kinase are considered as suitable target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and bowel inflammatory diseases. the development of 5-alkylthio-1-aryl-2-(4-pyridinyl) triazoles as inhibitors of p38 map kinase is described. these are analogues of 4- pyridinyl imidazole p38 map kinase inhibitor reported by merck research laborator...

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcriptional regulatory proteins are key regulators of muscle-specific gene expression and also play a general role in the cellular response to growth factors, cytokines and environmental stressors. To identify signaling pathway components that might mediate these events, the potential role of MAP kinase and PKC signaling in the modulation of MEF2A phosphoryl...

Stabilization of mRNAs contributes to the strong and rapid induction of genes in the inflammatory response. The signaling mechanisms involved were investigated using a tetracycline-controlled expression system to determine the half-lives of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 mRNAs. Transcript stability was low in untreated HeLa cells, but increased in cells expressing a constitutively active form of t...

Ganglioside GM3 is a membrane component that has been described to modulate cell growth through inhibition of EGF receptor associated tyrosine kinase. In order to determine if the inhibition of cell growth by this ganglioside is specifically mediated through EGF receptor signaling, the effects of GM3 on key enzymes implicated in EGF signaling were determined and compared to another inhibitor of...