Let us assume that some businessmen wish to have a meeting. For this to happen, they usually have to meet somewhere. If they cannot meet physically, then they can take part in a video (or audio) conference to discuss whatever needs to be discussed. But what if their meeting is meant to be private? In this case they need a cryptographic protocol that allows them to exchange their ideas remotely,...

An adaptive niching scheme called coevolutionary shared niching (CSN) is proposed, implemented, analyzed and tested. The scheme overcomes the limitations of xed sharing schemes by permitting the locations and radii of niches to adapt to complex landscapes, thereby permitting a better distribution of solutions in problems with many badly spaced optima. The scheme takes its inspiration from the m...

Assume that some businessmen wish to have a meeting. For this to occur, they usually have to meet somewhere. If they cannot meet physically, then they can take part in a video (or audio) conference to discuss whatever needs to be discussed. But what if their meeting is meant to be private? In this case they need a cryptographic protocol that allows them to exchange their ideas remotely, while k...

In a market economy, entrepreneurs are businessmen who start a new business or expand an existing business by integrating production factors. In an emerging market economy, where market institutions are being established, in order to start or expand a successful business, a businessman not only has to possess the same ability as their counterpart in a market economy, he also has to overcome man...