Water quality concerns and revised regulations are changing how confined animal feeding operations manage manure. Devising acceptable and feasible changes in manure practices requires a full understanding of the forces shaping current manure management decisions. Previous theoretical models have shown that a wide range of factors influence the lowest cost solution for manure management. We used...

An economic analysis was performed on treatment options for pig manure in Ireland. Costs were based on a 500 sow integrated pig farm producing 10,500 m(3) of manure per year at 4.8% dry matter. The anaerobic digestion of pig manure and grass silage (1:1; volatile solids basis) was unviable under the proposed tariffs, with costs at € 5.2 m(-3) manure. Subsequent solid-liquid separation of the di...

Manure in an inevitable byproduct of the production of meat and milk destined for human consumption. Excessive excretion of manure and manure nutrients represent inefficiencies which increase feed costs, increase the environmental impact of dairy farming, and increase the costs associated with moving and storing manure. Profitability can be enhanced when good feeding and management practices ar...

A spreadsheet‐based manure transport and land application decision tool, MANURE$HAUL, was developed to provide farmers, custom applicators, and others involved with manure management a manure cost and labor calculator for liquid manure systems using top‐loading tank spreaders and nurse tanks. The manure hauling capacity was a function of the machinery set selected, manure tank capacity, and hau...

In this study, cattle manure was converted to bio-oil by subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction in the presence of NaOH. The effects of conversion temperature, process gas, initial conversion pressure, residence time and mass ratio of cattle manure to water on the bio-oil yield were studied. The bio-oil was characterized in terms of elemental composition, higher heating value, ultraviolet-visibl...

Ammonia and odor emissions from land application of dairy manure, and costs associated with manure land application methods are serious concerns for dairy owners, regulators, and the general public. Odor and ammonia samples from agricultural fields receiving liquid dairy manure applied by surface broadcast and subsurface injection were collected and analyzed. Costs associated with both of the m...

The largest portion of a product’s environmental impacts and costs of manufacturing and use results from decisions taken in the conceptual design phase long before its market entry. To foster sustainable production patterns, applying life cycle assessment in the early product development stage is gaining importance. Following recent scientific studies on using dipteran fly species for waste man...

Biogas production is a clean renewable energy source that can improve lives in developing countries. However, winter temperatures in some areas are too low to enable enough biogas production in small unheated digesters to meet the energy requirements of households. Low-cost, high yield reactors adapted to the local climate are needed in those situations. A decision-support model was developed t...

D to transportation costs, manures can be utilized for their fertilizer value only when the hauling distance is short. However, manure cannot be applied indefinitely to a limited land area close to the manure production site without creating problems of water pollution (Patni and Hore, 1978) and excessive nutrient and salt accumulation in the soil. Therefore, using manure for crop production on...