We provide an expository presentation of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for both consumers of research and investigators by capitalizing on its relation to univariate analysis of variance models. We address several questions: (a) Why should one use MANOVA. 9 (b) What is the structure of MANOVA? (C) How are MANOVA test statistics obtained and interpreted? (d) How are MANOVA follow-up...

A graphical representation of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is proposed. This representation, termed a "MANOVAMAP," shows the magnitude of MANOVA model effects and their statistical significance in an easily interpreted statistical graphic. The use and construction of MANOVAMAPs is discussed for an empirical example, and is compared with both a traditional MANOVA analysis of th...

The argument for preceding multiple analysis of variance (ANOVAS) with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to control for Type I error is challenged. Several situations are discussed in which multiple ANOVAS might be conducted without the necessity of a preliminary MANOVA. Three reasons for considering a multivariate analysis are discussed: to identify outcome variable system construct...

Reviews of statistical procedures (e.g., Bangert & Baumberger, 2005; Kieffer, Reese, & Thompson, 2001; Warne, Lazo, Ramos, & Ritter, 2012) show that one of the most common multivariate statistical methods in psychological research is multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). However, MANOVA and its associated procedures are often not properly understood, as demonstrated by the fact that few o...

In this article, the GMANOVA-MANOVA model is considered. Two different matrix residuals are established. The interpretation of discussed and several properties verified. A data set illustrates how can be used.

This article teaches the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) method for repeated measures analysis to researchers who are already familiar with regular analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. Repeated measures designs are traditionally analyzed with mixed-model ANOVAS. However, sphericity violations markedly affect the true Type I error rates and power for the mixed-model tests. However, t...

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a widely used technique for simultaneously comparing means for multiple dependent variables across two or more groups. MANOVA rests on several assumptions, including that of multivariate normality. Much prior research has investigated the performance of standard MANOVA with continuous, nonnormally distributed variables. However, very little work has...