It is expected that more accounting conservation (environmental uncertainty) reduces manager optimism. Prior research, however, has struggled to establish this relation empirically. Moreover, some evidence points to the possibility that the manager optimism is lower for firms with more accounting conservation. In this paper, the author examine the link between accounting conservation, environme...

The willingness of managers to continue with software projects can be both beneficial and troubling. Management optimism can help bring promising projects to fruition, but can also cause valuable resources to be expended on faltering projects. This study examines three factors that can affect the willingness of managers to continue with software projects: feedback direction, feedback optimism, ...

When technological change takes place, employees with positive attitude not only accept new ways of doing work but also become a motivational force to other staff members. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) intends to make the best use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in administration, servicing and academic departments. Since it is partially launched but before implementatio...

This paper investigates the effects of heterogeneous beliefs about future firm earnings and agency conflicts on corporate capital structure. We develop a dynamic structural model in which the manager of a firm has discretion in financing and effort and receives dynamic incentives through an explicit contract with shareholders in the presence of heterogeneous beliefs between the two parties. The...

The purpose of the article is to characterize features professional training future managers in field education work extreme conditions. main result heads educational institutions (managers education) master's degree formation their competence. This integral quality personality manifested general ability and willingness manage (especially conditions). Emphasis placed on acmeological competence ...

We develop a dynamic structural model to examine the e¤ects of di¤ering beliefs of the manager and outsider investors regarding the pro…tability of a …rm’s projects and managershareholder agency con‡icts on its capital structure. The manager receives dynamic incentives through explicit contracts with shareholders whose implementation through …nancial securities leads to a dynamic capital struct...

introduction maternal and fetal characteristics can be effect on optimism which vary among different cultures and countries. so the aim of this study was to determine prenatal optimism and its relationship with fetal and maternal characteristics in primiparous women. materials and methods this research study was a descriptive cross - sectional. the statistical populations consisted of 240 pregn...

background: academic optimism about teachers is a new construct. the objective of this study was investigation of primary school teachers' academic optimism and organizational citizenship behavior in shiraz city. methods: the method of this study was descriptive and correlational study. the population of this study were all teachers (men and women) working in the 1391-1392 school year in public...