Polyploidization results in genome duplication and is an important step in evolution and speciation. The Malus genome confirmed that this genus was derived through auto-polyploidization, yet the genetic and meiotic mechanisms for polyploidization, particularly for aneuploidization, are unclear in this genus or other woody perennials. In fact the contribution of aneuploidization remains poorly u...

Nature of Work: Japanese beetles (JB), Popillia japonica Newman, are destructive, highly polyphagus herbivores that show a general preference for plants in the Rosaceae family. Although Malus taxa are often found to be susceptible to JB, there are substantial differences in resistance among Malus species and cultivars (1,2). In a prior study, total phenolic levels in Malus were not correlated w...

Even for same LAeq, noise immissions from different types of traffic noise elicit not always the same loudness and annoyance. Frequently, railway noise is perceived as less annoying than road traffic noise (railway bonus), whereas aircraft noise can be perceived as more annoying than road traffic noise (aircraft malus). As one possible reason for the aircraft malus in addition to differences in...

Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important apple, Malus domestica Borkh., pest that significantly hinders sustainable apple production in eastern North America. The potential for host plant resistance to plum curculio among apple germplasm has never been rigorously evaluated. Thus, studies were conducted to assess the susceptibility of a number o...

In some areas of cultivation, a lack of salt tolerance severely affects plant productivity. Apple, Malus x domestica Borkh., is sensitive to salt, and, as a perennial woody plant the mechanism of salt stress adaption will be different from that of annual herbal model plants, such as Arabidopsis. Malus zumi is a salt tolerant apple rootstock, which survives high salinity (up to 0.6% NaCl). To ex...

This paper focuses on techniques for constructing Bonus-Malus systems in third party liability automobile insurance. Specifically, the article presents a practical method for constructing optimal Bonus-Malus scales with reasonable penalties that can be commercially implemented. For this purpose, the symmetry between the overcharges and the undercharges reflected in the usual quadratic loss func...

Crop-to-wild gene flow have important evolutionary and ecological consequences and require careful consideration in conservation programs for wild genetic resources of potential use in breeding programs and in assessments of the risk of transgene escape into natural ecosystems. Using 26 microsatellites and a set of 1181 trees, we investigated the extent of introgression from the cultivated appl...

In a previous investigation conducted in this laboratory (1) a starch polysaccharide, apparently identical with the watersoluble component of the common cereal and tuber starches, was isolated from the woody tissue of the apple tree (Malus malus). Thus it appears that starches of widely different origin may contain a common water-soluble polysaccharide. Through an application of the method (2) ...

Apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a pest of major concern to apple, Malus x domestica (Borkh.) production in eastern North America. Host plant resistance to apple maggot among apple germplasm has been previously evaluated among a small number of exotic Malus accessions and domestic hybrid selections. However, a large number of exotic accessions housed in USDA...

In a previous investigation conducted in this laboratory (1) a starch polysaccharide, apparently identical with the watersoluble component of the common cereal and tuber starches, was isolated from the woody tissue of the apple tree (Malus malus). Thus it appears that starches of widely different origin may contain a common water-soluble polysaccharide. Through an application of the method (2) ...