Currently, there has been substantial interest, in Australia and internationally, in policy activities related to outcomes-based educational performance indicators and their link with growing demands for accountability of teachers and schools. In order to achieve a fair comparison between schools, it is commonly agreed that a correction should be made for lack of equity. It is argued that stude...

A non-malleable code is a variant of an encoding scheme which is resilient to tampering attacks. The main idea behind non-malleable coding is that the adversary should not be able to obtain any valuable information about the message. Non-malleable codes are used in tamper-resilient cryptography and protecting memories against tampering attacks. Many different types of non-malleability have alre...

We explore whether non-malleability is necessary for the applications typically used to mo-tivate it, and propose two alternatives. The first we call weak non-malleability (wnm) and showthat it suffices to achieve secure contract bidding (the application for which non-malleability wasinitially introduced), despite being strictly weaker than non-malleability. The second we callta...

Roughly speaking, an encryption scheme is said to be non-malleable, if no adversary can modify a ciphertext so that the resulting message is meaningfully related to the original message. We compare this notion of security to secrecy and authenticity, and provide a complete characterization of their relative strengths. In particular, we show that information-theoretic perfect non-malleability is...

In encryption, non-malleability is a highly desirable property: it ensures that adversaries cannot manipulate the plaintext by acting on the ciphertext. In [5], Ambainis et al. gave a definition of non-malleability for the encryption of quantum data. In this work, we show that this definition is too weak, as it allows adversaries to “inject” plaintexts of their choice into the ciphertext. We gi...

Malleability enables a parallel application’s execution system to split or merge processes modifying granularity. While process migration is widely used to adapt applications to dynamic execution environments, it is limited by the granularity of the application’s processes. Malleability empowers process migration by allowing the application’s processes to expand or shrink following the availabi...