objective(s):  there is a rising use of gold nanoparticles (aunps) in goods and in the medical fields but there is concern about the toxicity of them. so in this study spherical aunps with 3 different concentrations were applied for investigating their effects in vivo.   materials and methods:  40 male albino mice were randomly divided into sham, control, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm groups and were...

carbosulfan (2,3-dihydro-2,2dimethyl-7-benzofuronyl [(dibutyl amino) thio] methyl] a carbamate insecticide and acaricide was administered orally at an effective dose of 48 mg/kg/day to albino mice for 5, 10, 20 and 30 days .control mice received similar quantities of olive oil. daily body weights were recorded and mice were sacrificed after 24 hours after the terminal exposure. the histologic e...

introduction: several investigations have indicated that dopamine d receptors could influence morphine 2 eward. the influence of olanzapine (a d dopamine receptor antagonist) on the morphine-induced conditioned 2 lace preference (cpp) in male and female mice was investigated in the present study. methods: the effects of olanzapine on the acquisition and expression of morphine cpp in male and fe...

Background: Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd2+) are natural components of the Earth's crust which can not be degraded or destroyed. Industrial, mining and agricultural activities, particularly the excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, have led to high levels of cadmium contamination at many locations worldwide. Some toxic effects of cadmium are due to its inhibition of various enzyme sys...

vitexagnus- castus l. [vac.] has been used in the iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of pain and swelling of uterus. in this study, gc and gc/ms analyses  were carried out for the identification of essential oil chemical components. formalin and xylene-induced ear-edema were used in order to nociception and inflammation activity. then, the possible interaction between 3drugs includi...

Neuropathic pain which is a chronic pain causes hyperalgesia due to peripheralm nerve damage.the relation between neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia and the response to treatment in case of somatic and inflammatory pain have been investigated previuosly.however the response of visceral pain in peripheral neuropathy and the possible gender differences in visceral pain response and gender differnc...

Carbosulfan (2,3-dihydro-2,2dimethyl-7-benzofuronyl [(dibutyl amino) thio] methyl] a carbamate insecticide and acaricide was administered orally at an effective dose of 48 mg/kg/day to albino mice for 5, 10, 20 and 30 days .Control mice received similar quantities of olive oil. Daily body weights were recorded and mice were sacrificed after 24 hours after the terminal exposure. The histologic e...

Background: The aim of the present study was to examine factors that may affect the outcome of testis tissue xenografting. Recipient factors were examined by grafting small fragments of testis tissue from newborn piglets under the back skin of immunodeficient mice of different strains [severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) vs. nude), sex (male vs. female) and gonadal status (intact vs. gonade...

background: heroin as opium is being used in two pure and impure forms with known disastrous effects on different body organs including genital system. the aim of this study was to determine the changes in testosterone secretion, the percentage of fertility, changes of the body and testis weight, and gonado somatic index in mice (ballb/c). materials and methods: a total of 90 adult male and fem...

Introduction: Several investigations have indicated that dopamine D receptors could influence morphine 2 eward. The influence of olanzapine (a D dopamine receptor antagonist) on the morphine-induced conditioned 2 lace preference (CPP) in male and female mice was investigated in the present study. Methods: The effects of olanzapine on the acquisition and expression of morphine CPP in...