in the present study, 45 rainwater samples were collected from february to december 2012 on event basis in east bokaro coal mining environment. physico-chemical and major ionic compositions of rainwater samples as well as water soluble major ion composition were analyzed to employ principle component analysis for source identification. the average ph value was recorded 6.1 and varied from 5.1 t...

Since its appearance in 1991, the Li ion battery has been the major power source driving the rapid digitalization of our daily life; however, much of the processes and mechanisms underpinning this newest battery chemistry remains poorly understood. As in any electrochemical device, the major challenge comes from the electrolyte/electrode interfaces, where the discontinuity in charge distributio...

Aromatic and heterocyclic amines are a major class of chemical mutagens and carcinogens. The toxicity of these compounds is a consequence of their metabolic activation. The best-characterized enzymatic pathways for aromatic amine activation lead to the formation of reactive esters such as N-acetoxyarylamines, which are believed to be precursors of short-lived nitrenium ions. In the 1960s, nitre...

Flow-tube mass spectrometry as a technique to measure positive ion–molecule reactions is tracked from its birth to the beginning of the 21st century. Major achievements in the development and the application of this technique are surveyed. The instrumental developments that are considered include advances in ion production and selection, neutral introduction, temperature and energy control in t...