alkali and alkaline earth metals hydrogen sulfate catalyzed the one-pot three component condensation reactions of aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions leading to 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1h)-ones in high yields at 80 °c. our results showed that biginelli reaction not only is ph dependent, but the cation of catalyst plays an important role.

BACKGROUND The failures of recent studies intended to prevent cerebral vasospasm have moved the focus of research into delayed cerebral ischemia away from cerebral artery constriction towards other mechanisms. Recent accumulating evidence has suggested that early brain injury is also involved in the development of delayed cerebral ischemia, and that hydrogen can prevent early brain injury. Ther...

The structure of synthetic disodium magnesium disulfate decahydrate at 180 K consists of alternating layers of water-coordinated [Mg(H(2)O)(6)](2+) octahedra and [Na(2)(SO(4))(2)(H(2)O)(4)](2-) sheets, parallel to [100]. The [Mg(H(2)O)(6)](2+) octahedra are joined to one another by a single hydrogen bond, the other hydrogen bonds being involved in inter-layer linkage. The Mg(2+) cation occupies...

background: this study was designed to investigate the effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic changes induced by pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. methods: a randomized, placebo controlled study was performed on 52 asa class i or ii aged 20-70 years patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide. bef...

conclusions the addition of magnesium sulfate to lidocaine increased the duration of motor and sensory axillary block in the upper extremities during surgeries when compared to the use of lidocaine alone. results a total of 60 patients were included in the study with 30 patients having received lidocaine plus magnesium and the other 30 patients having received lidocaine plus normal saline. the ...

background: muscle relaxant agents usually use to facilitate tracheal intubation; however, sometimes limitations exist. magnesium (mg) sulfate is a candidate for muscle relaxant substitute. this study was designed to determine the effect of mg sulfate accompanied with propofol and fentanyl in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. materials and methods: in a double?blind randomized protocol an...

background: preterm labor is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality so it may be necessary to administer tocolytics for treatment of it. objective: the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine in the management of preterm labor. materials and methods: 100 women with documented preterm labor were randomly assigned to receive magnes...

background: deliberate hypotension is a strategy that reduces intraoperative bleeding and increases the speed of surgery in otolaryngology procedures. magnesium (mg) sulfate is a vasodilator agent that reduces intraoperative hypnotic requirements and in combination with analgesic agents, it reduces intraoperative and postoperative pain. in this study we evaluated the use of intravenous mg sulfa...

Magnesium sulfate is widely used in obstetrics and is drug of choice in two important complications of pregnancy, preeclampsia and preterm labor. The antagonistic effects of magnesium sulfate on calcium ion and on platelet aggregation may lead to changes in bleeding time. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on bleeding time in women with threatened preterm labor...