adenylyl cyclase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atp to camp. the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was carried out by measuring the ability of the macrophage chemotactic protein-1 to inhibit the torskolin-induced enzyme activity. adenylyl cyclase activity in the presenc of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 was decreased compared to that in controls [2.11+/-0.15 (mean +/...

background: autophagy as a cellular pathway facilitates several immune responses against infection. it also eliminates invading pathogens through transferring content between the cytosol and the lysosomal vesicles and contributes to the cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to t lymphocytes via mhc class i pathway. autophagy induction is one of the main targets for new drugs and future vacci...

objective(s):some evidence showed that calcitriol has an important role in regulating growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs). however, the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophage is not clear yet.  the current study was done to investigate the in vitro effects of calcitriol on the interactions between bone marrow-derived mscs and rat macrophages. materials...

objective(s):to investigate the effect of eucheuma cottonii on alveolar macrophages (am) and malondialdehyde (mda) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) in particulate matter 10 (pm10) coal dust-exposed rats. materials and methods: ten groups, including a non exposed group and groups exposed to coal dust at doses of 6.25 (cd6.25), 12.5 (cd12.5), or 25 mg/m3 (cd25) an hour daily for 6 m...

background: endometriosis is a disease that is hard to diagnose without the gold standard method, laparoscopy. an easier diagnostic method is needed. objective: the aim of the study is to determine whether the number of macrophage cells in the endometrium and/or the detection of nerve fibers can be used in the diagnosis of endometriosis. materials and methods: endometrial sampling was done to 3...

one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune system by steroid hormones could be the monocytic-macrophage system. in this study the effect of the male hormone 5a-dht on cytokine release by peritoneal macrophages (mφ) of male and female nzb/balbc mice was investigated. macrophages from male mice activated with lps produced a greater amount of il-1β (21.8%) (p<0.05) and il-6 (19...

The potential of PLGA-nanoparticles as a carrier of amphotericin B and doxorubicin against visceral leishmaniasis was evaluated by macrophage-mediated drug targeting approach. PLGA-nanoparticles were modified by coating them with macrophage-specific ligand-lectin. Prior to in-vitro studies, characterization studies were carried out systematically include particle size, surface morphology, perce...

background and purpose: micrornas are small non-coding rnas with 1924- nucleotides in length. up- or downregulation of many mirnas has been shown by stimulation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in the innate immune system. up-regulation of mir-146a has been reported by both tlr and heat-killed candida albicans. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of mir-146a in cultured monocyte-der...

conclusions: the results showed that silver nanoparticles have an antimicrobial effect against intramacrophage b. abortus 544. results: the well diffusion agar study showed that silver nanoparticles have an antimicrobial effect on b. abortus 544. the mic and mbc of silver nanoparticles against b. abortus 544 were; 6 ppm and 8 ppm, respectively. the silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial effe...