toll like receptors (tlrs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens. in their bridging role, tlr downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by mediating dc maturation and activation of pathogen specific t lymphocytes. these pathways lead to the act...

objective: free radicals generated by ionizing radiation attack various cellular components such as lipids. the lung is a very radiosensitive organ and its damage is a doselimiting factor in radiotherapy treatments. melatonin (mlt), the major product of the pineal gland acts as a radioprotective agent. this study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of mlt on malondialdehyde (mda) le...

injuries suffered in vehicle traffic crashes are the leading cause of death among children in many countries. prevention of injuries of children in raod accidents is still a challenge. the present lecture discuss the commonly injuried body regions in children involved in motor and non-motor vehicle traffic crashes. head, ribs and lung are commonly injured body regions among children under 8 yea...

Injuries suffered in vehicle traffic crashes are the leading cause of death among children in many countries. Prevention of injuries of children in raod accidents is still a challenge. The present lecture discuss the commonly injuried body regions in children involved in motor and non-motor vehicle traffic crashes. Head, ribs and lung are commonly injured body regions among children under 8 yea...

injuries suffered in vehicle traffic crashes are the leading cause of death among children in many countries. prevention of injuries of children in raod accidents is still a challenge. the present lecture discuss the commonly injuried body regions in children involved in motor and non-motor vehicle traffic crashes. head, ribs and lung are commonly injured body regions among children under 8 yea...

Objective: Penetrating heart injury is potentially a life threatening condition due to cardiac tamponade or exsanguinating hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to evaluate victims who were referred to our hospital with penetrating heart and accompanying lung injuries and to review our overall outcome with this type of combined injuries. Methodology: Twenty patients with combined penetrating he...

The role of interleukin (IL)-18 in the protection from interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) was investigated by comparing the severity of BLM-induced lung injuries between wild-type and C57BL/6 mice with a targeted knockout mutation of the IL-18 gene (IL-18-/- mice). IL-18-/- mice showed much worse lung injuries than wild-type mice, as assessed by the surviva...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To make a descriptive analysis of the frequency and the type of thorax and lung injuries among the casualties of the two devastating earthquakes that occurred in Turkey in 1999. DESIGN Records of the hospitalized patients injured in the earthquakes were examined retrospectively. RESULTS Among the total of 356 hospitalized patients, 21 (9.7%) in the Izmit earthquake and 6 (7....

Background: Accidents are the second reason for mortality and morbidity in Iran. Among them, brain injuries are the most important damage. Clarification of the effects of brain injuries on different body systems will help physicians to prioritize their treatment strategies. In this study, the effect of pure brain trauma on the cardiovascular system and lungs 24 hours post trauma was assessed. M...