xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF TOXINS IN USED LUBE OIL 10 2.1 Lubricant Oil 10 2.1.1 Base Oils from Petroleum 10 2.1.2 Automotive Lube Oil 13 2.1.3 Used Lube Oil 14 2.2 Used Lube Oils and Their Impacts on Human Health and the Environment 16 2.2.

The results of an experimental work carried out to evaluate the effect of palm oil methyl esters, also known as palm oil diesel (POD) and its emulsions as alternative fuel on unmodified indirect injection diesel engine's wear and lube oil performance are presented in this paper. Half throttle engine with constant 2500 rpm setting was maintained throughout the wear debris and lube oil analysis s...

In modern high-tech machinery, lubrication has nearly the same signifi cance as the machine itself. Its main function is to minimize wear on moving parts even in the harshest environments. Due to its essential role in modern engines lube oil degradation can lead to costly failure of the equipment if not detected at an early stage. A continuous oil condition monitoring program helps to avoid unn...

This research investigated the effect of three different acids (sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid), on three different clay deposit samples, to recycle used lubricating oil. To achieve this objective, filtration of the used oil was carried out first to remove impurities like: sand, metal chip and other micro impurities using: Buncher funnel, filter papers and vacuum pump. The fi...

Limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters were analysed during several annual research programs of the Swiss Agency of Environment Forests and Landscape (SAEFL, BUWAL)*. Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centres of several cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air qua...

Industrial oil spills into aquatic environments can have catastrophic environmental effects. First responders to oil spills along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States have used spunbond nylon fabric bags and fences to separate spilled oil and oil waste from contaminated water. Low area mass density spunbond nylon is capable of sorbing more than 16 times its mass in low ...

In recent years, the industry has shifted toward down-sizing and turbo-charging spark ignition (SI) engines in an effort to increase fuel conversion efficiency. However, this has given rise to a destructive phenomenon known as sporadic pre-ignition (SPI). At low cranking speeds and high loads, engines have been observed to knock violently for brief and infrequent intervals. If allowed to contin...

This paper examines a number of practical questions about the possibility of using water mist to mitigate explosion hazards in some industrial applications. Water mist systems have been installed to replace Halon 1301 in gas compressor modules on Alaska’s North Slope oil fields. The hazard in the compressor modules includes fire in lubrication oil lines for the gas turbines that drive the compr...

Engine oils are widely used for lubrication purposes in automobile and related industries. Viscosity Index (VI) improver has found its largest commercial applications as additives to engine oils. Examples are power steering fluid, aircraft piston engine oils, modern internal-combustion engines, turbine engine oils (stationary and aircraft), and industrial gear oils. Viscosity Index improvers ar...