With the growing popularity of the Internet, there is increasing interest in using it for audio and video transmission. Periodic network overloads, leading to bursty packet losses, have always been a key problem for network researchers. In a long-haul, heterogeneous network like the Internet, handling such an error becomes especially difficult. Perceptual studies of audio and video viewing have...

In this paper, we present a comparative numerical analysis to determine the refractive index of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by using FDFD method and used the results to evaluate the confinement losses of PCFs by considering the effects of air-hole rings in the cladding. It is shown that by increasing the wavelength, the imaginary part of refraction index rises, resulting in increase of conf...

Flood phenomenon is one of the catastrophic natural disasters which usually cause injuries and economic losses more than any weather phenomenon. Therefore evaluating flood economic losses is extremely important and it should be consider in socioeconomic development, spatial planning policies and flood control plans. Contrary to importance of this issue, available evaluating methods of flood eco...

BACKGROUND We combined federal and state administrative data to study the long-term earnings losses associated with occupational injuries and assess the adequacy of workers' compensation benefits. METHODS We linked state data on workers' compensation claims from New Mexico for claimants injured from 1994 to 2000 to federal earnings records from 1987 to 2007. We estimated earnings losses up to...

electrical steels are important alloys widely used in electrical instruments. the magnetic properties and low core loss of grain oriented silicon steels are closely related to the sharpness of goss texture ({110} ).the direction of is the softest direction for magnetism.  in this work, the microstructure and dependence of orientation density along the major texture fibers on the applied cold ro...

Electrical steels are important alloys widely used in electrical instruments. The magnetic properties and low core loss of grain oriented silicon steels are closely related to the sharpness of Goss texture ({110} ).The direction of is the softest direction for magnetism.  In this work, the microstructure and dependence of orientation density along the major texture fibers on the applied cold ro...