multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

Sales forecasting for new products is significantly important fashion retailer companies because prediction with high accuracy helps the company improve management efficiency and customer satisfaction. The low inventory strategy of stock level in each brick-and-mortar store lead to serious censored demand problems, making difficult. In this regard, a two layers (TLs) model proposed paper predic...

  The advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structure by engaging in direct sales. In this paper, we present a dual channel inventory model based on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. The system receives ...

The integration of supply chains as a mechanism for value creation is largely dependent on continuous flow of real time accurate information from the customer back upstream to the manufacturer. This ideal is often unachievable when disruptions in the flow of information and materials are known to regularly occur in some manufacturing supply chains. This paper focuses on quantifying the potentia...

Cost and operation of inventory depends a great deal on what happens to demand when the system is out of stock. In real inventory systems, it is more reasonable to assume that part of the excess demand is backordered and the rest is lost. However, the amount of backorders (or lost sales) often incurs disturbance due to various uncertainties. To incorporate this reality, this article attempts to...

A generalized envelope theorem is established for a Bayesian dynamic program problem. An application of the theorem is given in a Bayesian inventory management problem with unobserved lost sales. Specifically, we show that the optimal inventory level with unobserved lost sales is greater than the optimal inventory level with observed lost sales. We prove this result under the continuous demand ...