in this paper a novel process monitoring scheme for reducing the type і and type іі error rates in the monitoring phase is proposed. first, the proposed approach uses an augmented data matrix to implement the process dynamic. then, we apply independent component analysis (ica) transformation to the augmented data matrix, and eliminate the outliers using the local outlier factor (lof) algorithm....

Data objects which differ significantly from the remaining data objects are referred to as outliers. Density-based algorithms for mining outliers are very effective in detecting all forms of outliers, where data objects with fewer neighbors are likely to be outliers than are those with more neighbors. However, existing density-based algorithms engage in huge repetitive computation and compariso...

This study examines the liability of foreignness (LOF) faced by multinational enterprises (MNEs), and the effects of strategies employed to overcome the liability. Based on a sample of 3,085 Sino-foreign joint ventures formed in manufacturing sectors in China, the authors find that Hong Kong investors, who are often perceived to have lower LOF than investors from other countries, are more activ...

A fast and accurate technique has been developed for the determination of the total volatile content of rocks. The loss on fusion (LOF) results are comparable to the conventional time-consuming wet-chemical procedure but require no additional effort or cost when conducted as part of the usual sample preparation procedure for quantitative X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis (XRF). The tech...

In this paper we introduce the unsupervised machine-learning algorithm named Local Outlier Factor (LOF), for health risk assessment. In general the LOF algorithm is used with numerical attributes and the outcome of the algorithm is parting the patterns into normal and abnormal events. In this paper we introduce the extended LOF algorithm with three experimental contributions: (i) utilization of...

The increased nature of email spam with the use of urge mailing tools prompt the need for detector generation to counter the menace of unsolocited email. Detector generation inspired by the human immune system implements particle swarm optimization (PSO) to generate detector in negative selection algorithm (NSA). Outlier detectors are unique features generated by local outlier factor (LOF). The...