research topics dealing with the application of the markal model have been quite common in the last 20+ years. every new paper has added new insight into the potential of using such a model for a variety of purposes. not only global but also local applications have shown both limits and benefits when dealing with manifold energy-environmental-resources optimal management. the aim of this wo...

the share of dc-based renewable energy resources (rers) and electricity storage systems are increasing due to developments of smart grid technologies. moreover, the share of dc-based load has rapid growth due to significant developments of power electronic technologies. therefore, a more flexible power system is required for efficient integration of emerging loads and generators. in this paper,...

Abstract Background A sustainable energy system based on renewables, energy-efficiency, decentralisation of generation and synergies between different sectors requires new planning methods policies. Energy transition climate change mitigation achievement can no longer be seen only through top-down activities from a national government. Local regional governments have crucial role in delivering ...

Intermediary organisations can play a significant role in the changing environment of UK energy, transcending the perceived divides between individual action, activism and top-down policy. This paper discusses a Bristol based action research project which, working with local community energy groups, explored the role of intermediary organisations not just in bringing together learning, providin...

the aim of this paper is to assess the adaptation of iran’s energy policies to the kyoto protocol. in the past two decades, iran has experienced a considerable increase in greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions; in 2013 it was the world’s ninth largest emitter. although adapting to this protocol in iran’s energy and climate policies seems vital and urgent, its recent status is not promising. this paper...