topical drug dosage forms such as ointments and creams can be easily removed through wetting, movement and contact. the new bioadhesive formulations with enhanced local anesthetic effects are needed for topical administration. the adhesive capacity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc) was determined by measuring the maximum detachment force and the adhesion work with an auto peeling tester. ...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

introduction: although patients do not experience sever pain after laparoscopic surgery, most of them experience acute or chronic pain afterward. while conventional pain killers including nsaid and narcotics in laparoscopic surgery have specific side effects, their application is inevitable. this study compares the efficacy of local anesthetic drugs and conventional pain killers in post-operati...

the intraoperative care of pheochromocytomas can be difficult and lead to serious complications. we present a case of a 46 year-old female undergoing laparoscopic resection of pheochromocytoma, who was scheduled for surgery with phenoxybenzamine and amlodipin. under general anesthesia cardiovascular stability was achieved by peritumoral infiltration of lidocaine during resection.

background: severe abdominal pain is not common after laparoscopic surgeries, but acute or chronic pain after operation is considerable in some patients. post-operative pain control after laparoscopic surgeries, is conventionally achieved using analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) and narcotics, but their administration has a lot of side effects. this study compares...

Local anesthetics are not only used as drugs to block the sodium channel to provide analgesia and anti-arrhythmic action. The purpose of this review is to highlight the new indications and limitations of this class of drugs. Recent research has focused on the use of i.v. local anesthetics to improve bowel function after surgery or trauma, to protect the central nervous system, to find new clues...

The mechanisms of epidural-associated fever remain incompletely understood [1-3]. We propose that action of local anesthetic on TPRV1. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor can explain this effect and explain mechanism of burning sensation on local anesthetic injected subcutaneously or intram...