The current study concerns loanword accent of Nakijin Ryukyuan 1 , hereafter NR. NR, as well as many Japonic languages or dialects, has a pitch accent system. Kubozono (2006) and Kubozono & Giriko (2011) claim that in several Japanese dialects loanword accent is determined by two factors: perceptual similarity between L1 (a borrowing language such as Tokyo Japanese) and L2 (a borrowed language ...

This study investigated how vowel epenthesis, a typical suprasegmental error produced by Japanese learners of English, is realized in their speech production of L2 English. We investigated two aspects: (i) whether loanword epenthesis phonology in Japanese transfers to English speech production, and (ii) how learners’ English proficiency level affects vowel epenthesis. In Japanese loanword phono...

The phenomenon of loanword incorporation has long proved an intriguing object of study. Recent developments at the phonetics/phonology interface have generated renewed interest in the mechanisms of loanword adaptation, raising questions about the possible representational versus phonetic underpinnings of this process. This paper examines aspects of English and Afrikaans loanword incorporation i...

The purpose of this research is to examine the types loanwords used in Obama's inaugural speech. loanword theory Haugen (loanword, loan blend, and shift) Yule's word creation were adopted research. It a qualitative approach describe before-after borrow pattern, loanwords, process formation. data indicates that sixteen words are part blend; nine shift; one loanword. While based on formation, it ...

In loanword phonology we seek to uncover the processes by which speakers possessing one phonological system perceive, apply native representational constraints on, and ultimately produce forms which have been generated by a different phonological system. In other words, loanwords do not come equipped with their own phonological representation. For any phonetic string, it is only native speakers...

Generative accounts of loanword phonology typically focus on the role of an individual speaker's grammar and/or perceptual biases in generating the phonological adaptations seen in loanwords. While these types of generative models can be successfully used to explain static synchronic patterns in loanword adaptations in terms of the set of existing constraints in the native phonology, it is more...

This study examines which English vowel is matched with which vowel in Standard Mandarin in loanword adaptation, investigates the general patterns for and restrictions on vowel adaptation in Standard Mandarin loanwords, and determines which aspects of vowel quality is more carefully replicated than others. The results show that despite the seemingly high degree of variation, there are systemati...

Source-similarity effects in loanword adaptation are formalized in Correspondence Theory (McCarthy and Prince, 1995). A correspondence relation holds between the loanword and the pLs representation, the borrower’s posited representation of the source-language form; including the pLs representation in the model allows a consistent account of the interaction between phonological adaptation proces...

Optimality-Theoretic analyses of loanword phonology account for the phonological adaptations seen in loanwords using one of two mechanisms: markedness constraints in the phonology of L1 speakers, and perceptual biases affecting the input. However, while these analyses may be able to account for the synchronic behavior of a single speaker in borrowing a particular loanword, they cannot easily ac...