With shrinking of minimum feature size of advanced technology nodes, the impact of litho process variations on the resulting electrical parameters of printed circuits dramatically increases. Litho process variations correspond to random changes in the actual optical conditions (dose and focus) which develop at every mask exposure, hence from die to die. In this way the litho process variations ...

A 3D model of oil and gas fields is important for reserves estimation, for cost effective well placing and for input into reservoir simulators. Reservoir characterization of permeability, litho-facies and other properties of the rocks is essential. A good model depends on calibration at the well locations, with cored wells providing the best data. A subset of wells may contain specialized infor...

The three knobs of optical lithography, namely process factor k1, wavelength (λ) and numerical aperture (NA) have been constantly pushed to print smaller features. To get an equivalent k1 value below the fundamental limit of 0.25, double patterning (DP) has recently emerged as a viable solution for the 32nm lithography node. Various DP techniques exist such as litho-etch-litho-etch (LELE), lith...

Palynological study of Tungu Buzum Hill was investigated with a view towards determining the age outcrop, compare its miospore content adjacent Buzu Valley carbonaceous shale, their stratigraphic relationship and paleoenvironment deposition litho-sequence. Field involved litho-description logging achieved by noting rock type, mineralogical composition, bed thickness, texture, sorting, roundness...

Abstract Workshop manuals on lithography tend to be written with art students in mind and the information they contain largely focuses technical aspects of process. It is, however, difficult put into words nuances this printmaking practice, consequently, handbooks rarely refer sensory phenomenological experience. In light issue, my intention Listen is test potential limitations language as a me...