data transmission in optical systems and increased transmission distance capacity benefit by using optical amplification wavelength division multiplexing (wdm) technology. the combination of four waves (fwm) is a non-linear effect in the wavelength division multiplex (wdm), when more than two wavelengths of light in a fiber launch will occur. fwm amount depends on the channel, the channel spaci...

Because of special structure, a dual reflector antenna has beam rotation capability in azimuth and elevation directions. In this structure, the antenna beam can be placed in any point in the space by mechanical movement of twist reflector which it is the most important ability of the antenna. Due to the antenna structure, if the polarization of incident wave is linear, it is expected that the p...

Polarization holography is a newly researched field, that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. The extraordinary capabilities in modulating amplitude, phase, light have resulted several new applications, such as holographic storage technology, multichannel multiplexing, vector beam...

distribution of magnetic fields in the quiet-sun internetwork areas has been affected by weak polarization (in particular stokes q and u) signals. to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (snr) of the weak polarization signals, several approaches, including temporal integrations, have been proposed in the literature. in this study, we aim to investigate a proper temporal-integration time with which...

The justification for doing the work presented in this paper lies in the recent and disturbing rumours regarding the reflectivity of the current SCIAMACHY Level 1b product. The reflectivity was claimed to show an overall 20-percent loss in magnitude compared to GOME. We will show that the reported discrepancy in the reflectivity is indeed not a fictional one, but that it is certainly not caused...

The degree and the temporal evolution of linear polarization in the prompt and afterglow emission of gamma-ray bursts is a very robust diagnostic of some key features of gamma-ray bursts jets and their micro and macro physics. In this contribution, I review the current status of the theory of polarized emission from GRB jets during the prompt, optical flash, and afterglow emission. I compare th...

Distribution of magnetic fields in the quiet-Sun internetwork areas has been affected by weak polarization (in particular Stokes Q and U) signals. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the weak polarization signals, several approaches, including temporal integrations, have been proposed in the literature. In this study, we aim to investigate a proper temporal-integration time with which...

Using the S1/2Fg = 2 −→ P3/2Fe = 3 transition in Rb, we analyzed the interaction between the arbitrarily polarized laser light and Zeeman sublevels in the Hanle configuration. We studied theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the effect of the laser light polarization on the electromagnetically induced absorption strongly depends on the laser light power. For the same atomic transition...

Context. We investigate non-Zeeman circular polarization and linear polarization levels of up to 1% of 12CO spectral line emission detected in a shocked molecular clump around the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443, with the goal of understanding the magnetic field structure in this source. Aims. We examine our polarization results to confirm that the circular polarization signal in CO lines is cau...