Adult female twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, reared on lima bean plants were moved to cucumber, maize, or new lima bean plants (the latter being a control) and evaluated after 24 h or 7 d for changes in susceptibility to three pesticides and in levels of related detoxification enzymes. The largest and most consistent changes were observed in mites feeding on cucumber. Suscept...

Rhizobia classified as Bradyrhizobium spp. comprise a highly heterogeneous group of bacteria that exhibit differential symbiotic characteristics on hosts in the cowpea miscellany cross-inoculation group. To delineate the degree of specificity exhibited by four legumes in the cowpea miscellany, we tested the symbiotic characteristics of indigenous cowpea bradyrhizobia on cowpea (Vigna unguiculat...

introduction drought stress is one of the most yield reduction factor of lima bean where effects on the more than 60% of bean world production. in this regard, solutions that help increase productivity with high water efficiency in this region can change the agricultural crop production. one of the solutions is using organic materials (acid humic). humic acid with linkage of water molecules and...

The lima bean lectin recognizes terminal alpha-D-GalNAc groups and agglutinates human type A erythrocytes. We have cloned a portion of the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the lima bean lectin. The clone was obtained using the polymerase chain reaction and verified from a genomic clone encoding the mature protein of 253 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence has significant overall homo...

The lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus L., is a bean species with a broad distribution in the Americas that rivals that of common bean (P. vulgaris). In order to better understand the organization of genetic diversity and the pattern of domestication in lima bean, a review was conducted of the available information on the geographic distribution of wild and cultivated forms of this species. In additi...

Nanocrystals of the native starches isolated from lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) were prepared by mild acid hydrolysis. The shapes and granular sizes of the native starches were obtained by a scanning electron microscope. Platelets that existed as aggregates rather than discrete molecules were observed from the transmission electron micrographs of the nanocry...

The identification of genes under positive selection is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Many legume species, including Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), have important ecological and economic value. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome of one Phaseolus species, lima bean. A comparison with the genomes of six other legume species, ...

Studies on direct and indirect defenses of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) revealed a quantitative trade-off between cyanogenesis and the total quantitative release of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this addendum we focus on the qualitative variability in the VOC bouquets. We found intraspecific and ontogenetic variation. Five out of eleven lima bean accessions lacked ...

Chemical composition and protein quality of raw and heat-processed (boiled and autoclaved) samples of selected advanced breeding lines of lima beans (Tpl 1, Tpl 7 and Tpl 175), part of a larger collection developed by the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and evaluated in agronomic field trials in Nigeria, were studied. Protein quality was evaluated using weanling albino ...

In natural systems plants face a plethora of antagonists and thus have evolved multiple defence strategies. Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a model plant for studies of inducible indirect anti-herbivore defences including the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and extrafloral nectar (EFN). In contrast, studies on direct chemical defence mechanisms as crucial components of lima ...