in this paper, the crack detection and depth ratio estimation method are presented in beamlikestructures using elman networks. for this purpose, by using the frequencies of modes asinput, crack depth ratio of each element was detected as output. performance of the proposedmethod was evaluated by using three numerical scenarios of crack for fixed-simply supportedbeam consisting of a single crack...

Flexibility is a concept associated with variable needs of human beings.Today transformable structures are used to meet human changeable demands with different purposes and functions such as facades, roofs, sunshades, etc.A Flexible structure must be able to change physically and adapt to predetermined conditions.To provide flexibility and adaptability,transformable systems are required to poss...

In this paper the damage location in beam like-structure is determined using static and dynamic data obtained using finite volume method. The change of static and dynamic displacement due to damage is used to establish an indicator for determining the damage location. In order to assess the robustness of the proposed method for structural damage detection, three test examples including a static...

In this paper, the optical properties of one dimensional fractal structures are investigated. We consider six typical fractal photonic structures: the symmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure, the asymmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure, the single cantor-like fractal structure, the symmetric dual golden-section fractal structure, the asymmetric dual golden-section fractal structure a...

saffron is the dried stigmas of crocus sativus l., a member of the iridaceae family which ispropagated by means of corms. corms are faced with many stresses in soil. therefore, it isimportant to reduce these stresses and improve the quantity of saffron production. biotic andabiotic stresses disrupt the metabolic balance of cells; thereby, resulting in accumulation ofreactive oxygen species (ros...

A category may bear many monoidal structures, but (to within a unique isomorphism) only one structure of “category with finite products”. To capture such distinctions, we consider on a 2-category those 2-monads for which algebra structure is essentially unique if it exists, giving a precise mathematical definition of “essentially unique” and investigating its consequences. We call such 2-monads...

A category may bear manymonoidal structures, but (to within a unique isomorphism) only one structure of \category with nite products". To capture such distinctions, we consider on a 2-category those 2-monads for which algebra structure is essentially unique if it exists, giving a precise mathematical de nition of \essentially unique" and investigating its consequences. We call such 2-monads pro...