new kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. addition of 0.05 m a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 m 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (mpii) and...

introduction: in this study, we intend to use diffuse optical tomography (dot) as a noninvasive, safe and low cost technique that can be considered as a functional imaging method and mention the importance of image reconstruction in accuracy and procession of image. one of the most important and fastest methods in image reconstruction is the boundary element method (bem). this method is introdu...

New kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. Addition of 0.05 M a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) and...

Y(3)Al(5)O(12):Ce phosphors have been prepared and used as an effective scattering layer on top of a transparent layer of nanocrystalline TiO(2) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The Y(3)Al(5)O(12):Ce scattering layer increases the photocurrent of DSSCs due to the enhanced light harvesting mainly via the improved light absorption and scattering. Under one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW...

the effects of including incoherent (bound-electron) and coherent (rayleigh) scattering in exposure buildup factor calculations for point isotropic gamma ray sources, penetrating a two-layer water-lead shield have been investigated in the gamma ray energy (e?) range of 40 kev to 3 mev. incoherent scattering decreases the values of these factors in both layers up to e? ~ 200 kev and the effect i...

Two mid-infrared light sources, a broadband source from a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and a pulsed Quantum Cascade (QC) Laser, are used to measure angle-resolved backscattering in vivo from human skin across a broad spectral range. Scattering profiles measured using the FTIR suggest limited penetration of the light into the skin, with most of the light interacting with the st...

We investigate the influence of a non-scattering layer on the temporal field autocorrelation function of multiple scattered light from a multilayer turbid medium such as the human head. Data from Monte Carlo simulations show very good agreement with the predictions of the correlation-diffusion equation with boundary conditions taking into account non-diffusive light transport within the non-sca...