Cesium iodide (CsI) melt was injected into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and was solidified to CsI column. The controllable AAO channel size (10~500 nm) can makes CsI column size from 10 to 500 nm in diameter. In order to have a shorter light irradiate from each singe CsI column top to bottom the AAO template was coated a TiO2 nano-film. The TiO2 film acts a refraction film and makes X-r...

A slab of negatively refracting material, thickness d , can focus an image at a distance 2d from the object. The negative slab cancels an equal thickness of positive space. This result is a special case of a much wider class of focusing: any medium can be optically cancelled by an equal thickness of material constructed to be an inverted mirror image of the medium, with ε, μ reversed in sign. W...

A Fresnel zone plate lens can be constructed using a dye-doped liquid crystal filled cell and photo-induced alignment techniques. Light passing through a Fresnel zone patterned photo-mask causes the dye-doped liquid crystal to align in such a way to produce odd and even zones on the lens. Diffraction of incident light through the odd and even zones of the lens allows the light to constructively...

We present the first treatment of the refraction of physical electromagnetic waves in newly developed negative index media (NIM), also known as left-handed media (LHM). The NIM dispersion relation implies that group fronts refract positively even when phase fronts refract negatively. This difference results in rapidly dispersing, very inhomogeneous waves. In fact, causality and finite signal sp...