In this article, the optical properties of silver cubic-shape nanostructures (SCNs) were analyzed by employing the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) in aqueous media. The absorption, dispersion and extinction cross-sections of these nanostructures were calculated based on the wavelength change of the incident light in the visible and near infrared region. Moreover, the height change, waveleng...

NMDA receptor antagonists block conditioned fear extinction when injected systemically and also when infused directly into the amygdala. Here we evaluate the ability of D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site on the NMDA receptor complex, to facilitate conditioned fear extinction after systemic administration or intra-amygdala infusions. Rat...

Recent laser technology provides accurate measures of the dynamics of fluids and embedded particles. For instance, the laser-extinction measurements (LEM) uses a laser beam passing across the fluid and measures the residual laser light intensity at the fluid output. The particle concentration is estimated from this measurement. However, the particle flow is submitted to random time-varying fluc...

The present study tested the prediction that D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, would facilitate extinction of conditioned freezing in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received 5 light-shock pairings (conditioning). The following day, rats received 6 light-alone presentations (extinction training). Twenty-four hours later, rats received 1 light-alone presentation (test)....

The experimental was split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, different levels of nitrogen in the main plots included four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 N) kg.ha-1 urea and wheat varieties, including cultivars, Sepahan and SW were placed in the subplots. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar were significant effects on ...