TAGs were recently shown not to be closed under strong lexicalization but to be strongly lexicalizable by context-free tree grammars of rank 2. This paper presents an alternative lexicalization procedure that builds on an earlier generalization of TAGs to multi-dimensional trees. A previous theorem that every Tree Substitution grammar is strongly lexicalized by a corresponding TAG is lifted to ...

A traditional lexicalization analysis of a word looks backwards in time, describing each change in the word’s form and usage patterns from actuation (creation) to the present day. I suggest that this traditional view of lexicalization can be labelled Anaphoric Lexicalization to reflect its focus upon what has passed. A corresponding forward-looking process can then be envisaged called Cataphori...

Dependency structures do not have the information of phrase categories in phrase structure grammar. Thus, dependency parsing relies heavily on the lexical information of words. This paper discusses our investigation into the effectiveness of lexicalization in dependency parsing. Specifically, by restricting the degree of lexicalization in the training phase of a parser, we examine the change in...

Languages vary in how they encode motion events. For example, English motion verbs often encode the manner of the motion while Spanish motion verbs encode the path. Efficient verb learning has been argued to involve the acquisition of language specific lexicalization biases. When given a novel verb paired with a single motion event, English speakers interpret it as a manner verb, Spanish speake...

Learning a new word involves integration with existing lexical knowledge. Previous work has shown that sleepdependent memory consolidation processes are important for the engagement of novel items in lexical competition. We used spaced learning and testing to investigate memory for novel words and their lexicalization across the course of a single day, compared with a day later. We expected tha...

Across languages, clauses containing descriptions of similar events are likely to include the same conceptual components, but these may be distributed differently across the constituents of the clause. Compare, for instance, the English description of a directed motion event in (1a) to its most natural French translation (1b). Both these sentences contain linguistic units expressing the concept...