in the present study lactic acid production was enhanced by optimizing the three process variables viz; inoculum size, temperature and ph using three factor five level ccrd (central composite rotatable design) by lactobacillus delbruckii under smf (submerged fermentation process). paneer (dairy by-product) whey was used as sole substrate for lactic acid production. design expert 8.0.2.0 softwar...

The fermentation kinetics of L-glutamic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum was studied in a batch bioreactor. Mathematical model using the logistic equation for growth, Leudeking-Piret kinetic equation for product formation and Leudeking-Piret like equation for substrate consumption was proposed. Based on the analysis of experimental data followed by computer simulation, the model seemed to pro...

background and objectives: lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus is widely used in dairy industries as a starter for yogurt production. this study was designed using response surface methodology (rsm) in 12 batch ph-controlled cultures of lactobacillus delbrueckii sub-ssp. bulgaricus for determining the effect of temperature and ph on the biomass production of a native strain of l. bulgaricu...

We report molecular-fluorescence enhancement via the blue-shifted plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) from single Au nanorods (AuNRs) to merocyanine (MC) dye molecules. The blue-shifted PIRET occurs when there is a proper spectral overlap between the scattering of AuNRs and the absorption of MC molecules. Along with the quenching of scattering from AuNRs, the blue-shifted PIRET en...

The Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the low energy string effective action is solved using the gradient expansion method. The field equations are also expanded by the number of spatial gradients and the second order solution is found for the three-metric. The second order solution allows us to study the influence of initial inhomogeneities to the duration of pre-big bang superinflation. We conclud...

To reduce the cost of algal biomass production, mathematical model was developed for the first time to describe microalgae growth, lipid production and glycerin consumption under photoheterotrophic conditions based on logistic, Luedeking-Piret and Luedeking-Piret-like equations. All experiments were conducted in a 2 L batch reactor without considering CO(2) effect on algae's growth and lipid pr...

Background and Objectives: Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus is widely used in dairy industries as a starter for yogurt production. This study was designed using response surface methodology (RSM) in 12 batch pH-controlled cultures of Lactobacillus delbrueckii sub-ssp. bulgaricus for determining the effect of temperature and pH on the biomass production of a native strain of L. bulgaricu...

The field equations derived from the low energy string effective action with a matter tensor describing a perfect fluid with a barotropic equation of state are solved iteratively using the long-wavelength approximation, i.e. the field equations are expanded by the number of spatial gradients. In the zero order, a quasi-isotropic solution is presented and compared with the general solution of th...

Lipase production by Candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation. Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components. The effect of twelve medium components was studied in sixteen experimental trials. Glucose, olive oil, peptone and FeCl3.6H2O were found to have more significance on lipase production by Candida rugosa. Maximum...

Optimization of process variables in the bioconversion of pretreated sugarcane bagasse using cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was investigated in the present study. A 23 five level Central Composite Design (CCD) experiments with central and axial points were used to develop a statistical model for the optimization of process variable...