background and aims: the causal agents of viral lettuce big vein disease are two viruse, lettuce big vein associated virus (varicosavirus) and mirafiori lettuce virus (ophiovirus). these viruses have coat proteins of similar size but have different morphologies and serologically unrelated.the purpose of this study was to distinguish and detect lbvav and milv in lettuce fields in tehran province...

Background and Aims: The causal agents of viral lettuce big vein disease are two viruse, Lettuce big vein associated virus (Varicosavirus) and Mirafiori lettuce virus (Ophiovirus). These viruses have coat proteins of similar size but have different morphologies and serologically unrelated.The purpose of this study was to distinguish and detect LBVaV and MiLV in lettuce fields in Tehran Province...

A pilot study was conducted to assess the transfer of Escherichia coli from animal slurry fertilizer to lettuce, with E. coli serving as an indicator of fecal contamination and as an indicator for potential bacterial enteric pathogens. Animal slurry was applied as fertilizer to three Danish agricultural fields prior to the planting of lettuce seedlings. At harvest, leaves (25 g) of 10 lettuce h...

Several viruses have been reported to infect lettuce. The most important is Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), a potyvirus found worldwide transmitted by seeds and aphids, in a non-persistent manner. LMV causes quite variable symptoms, including mosaic, dwarfing, failure to form proper heads, and sometimes necrotic reactions. Cultivars carrying the mo11 and mo12 genes have resistance to the common str...

BACKGROUND An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Connecticut and Illinois during May 28 to June 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. METHODS Independent case-control studies were performed in both states. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on E. coli O157:H7 isolates. A case-patient was defined as a Connecticut or northern Illino...

uring the 1980s, crisphead lettuce, butterhead lettuce, and spinach crops in western Oregon (Fig. 1) became increasingly damaged by beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) (5,8) infection (15), a previously insignificant problem in this area. Utilizing double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASELISA) methodology (2), we identified potential BWYV inoculum sources in vicinitie...

elham ahmadi   agricultural zoology research department, iranian research institute of plant protection, tehran, iran       received: 16 november 2010 accepted: 21 april 2011     *corresponding author: email: [email protected]       abstract     one of the effective managing methods for slugs control is cultural method. a field study on the effect of different irrigation times on slug (agriol...

been hindered by a declining supply of farm labor (Taylor et al. 2012), generating interest among growers in methods to reduce labor requirements for thinning, weeding, irrigating and harvesting (Fennimore et al. 2010; 2014). Thinning lettuce is particularly labor intensive, and most lettuce fields in California are hand-thinned (manually thinned). Automated lettuce thinners that use machine vi...

Bacterial spot disease of lamb's lettuce [Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.] was first observed in fields in 1991. This new bacterial disease is localized in western France in high-technology field production of lamb's lettuce for the preparation of ready-to-use salad. Nineteen strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 from typical black leaf spots of naturally infected lamb's lettuce were characterize...

been hindered by a declining supply of farm labor (Taylor et al. 2012), generating interest among growers in methods to reduce labor requirements for thinning, weeding, irrigating and harvesting (Fennimore et al. 2010; 2014). Thinning lettuce is particularly labor intensive, and most lettuce fields in California are hand-thinned (manually thinned). Automated lettuce thinners that use machine vi...