Haken n–manifolds have been defined and studied by B. Foozwell and H. Rubinstein in analogy with the classical Haken manifolds of dimension 3, based upon the the theory of boundary patterns developed by K. Johannson. The Euler characteristic of a Haken manifold is analyzed and shown to be equal to the sum of the Charney-Davis invariants of the duals of the boundary complexes of the n–cells at t...

the aim of this research was to study the in vitro effect of lavandula officinalis (leo) and origanum vulgare (oeo) essential oils on rumen fermentation using a concentrate type substrate (cts) and roughage type substrate (rts). six mehraban ewes were divided into 2 groups and fed a concentrate type or roughage type diet, and used as rumen fluid donors. each essential oil (eo) was evaluated sep...

The aim of this research was to study the in vitro effect of Lavandula officinalis (LEO) and Origanum vulgare (OEO) essential oils on rumen fermentation using a concentrate type substrate (CTS) and roughage type substrate (RTS). Six Mehraban ewes were divided into 2 groups and fed a concentrate type or roughage type diet, and used as rumen fluid donors. Each essential oil (EO) was evaluated sep...

The constant-density Charney model describes the simplest unstable basic state with a planetary-vorticity gradient, which is uniform and positive, and baroclinicity that is manifest as a negative contribution to the potential-vorticity (PV) gradient at the ground and positive vertical wind shear. Together, these ingredients satisfy the necessary conditions for baroclinic instability. In Part I ...

This paper reports a complete diagnosis of energetics the three representative structurally distinct unstable modes in Charney problem with generic stratosphere presented Mak et al (2021). The vertically-local-energetics these (Charney+ mode, Green mode and Tropopause mode) helps delineate physical nature impacts tropopause upon their vertical structures. total-energetics reveals that computati...