A laboratory study of sign legibility has shown that a contrast of between 30 and 50 percent is required to maintain 75th percentile legibility. Legibility distance increased gradually with greater contrast to about 80 percent; above a luminance ratio of 5 to 1, legibility did not increase greatly. As ambient levels increased, legibility distance increased linearly with the logarithm of either ...

In one of his last great provocations, Marshall Sahlins describes the ‘original political society’ as a society where supposedly ‘egalitarian’ relations between humans are subordinated to government metahuman beings. He argues that this is ‘a state’, but what kind state does he mean? Even if metahumans hierarchically organized and have power over human beings, they lack two capacities commonly ...

OBJECTIVE This study examined the test-retest reliability of the legibility portion of the Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting-Manuscript (ETCH-M). METHOD The sample consisted of 31 first-grade and second-grade students with handwriting dysfunction. The ETCH-M was administered two times, 1 week apart, to participants. The primary investigator acted as sole rater and followed standard sc...

legibility is one of the most important characteristics of good urban environments which improves the communication between people and place by helping them to perceive and recognize their environment more deeply and precisely. unfortunately, achieving legibility in today’s urban environments has become very hard due to the increase in incoherent developments and partial renovation projects. mo...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of school-based occupational therapy services on students' handwriting. METHOD Students 7 to 10 years of age with poor handwriting legibility who received direct occupational therapy services (n = 29) were compared with students who did not receive services (n = 9) on handwriting legibility and speed and associated performance components. Visual-m...

Maria Olkkonen Terhi Mustonen Abstract — In this study, the effect of vibration on mobile-phone text legibility caused by walking was examined. Legibility was measured as reading performance and subjective task load when reading from a mobile-phone display while walking on a treadmill at 1.5 km/hour, 3 km/hour, and an individually defined speed (3.9 km/hour on average). Vibration was measured o...

Al~traet--The effects of observer age and environmental glare on nighttime legibility of traffic signs were investigated in two field experiments with the subjects driving or riding in a car towards a sign. Experiment ! showed that equating older and younger subjects in terms of their low luminance/high contrast visual acuity resulted in elimination of any age effects on legibility. Furthermore...

This study investigates on a quantitative basis two strategies that can be used to increase the legibility distance of retroreflective traffic signs with negative luminance contrast legend or symbols at night. The first strategy involves the increase of the letter, numeral, or symbol size associated with a corresponding increase in the stroke width (representing the visual detail) and with an i...