Hezbollah, which in Arabic stands for the “Party of God,” has over the last few decades grown into one of the most influential Lebanese political organizations and militias. Hezbollah was conceived in the midst of the violent civil War of Lebanon, and in its early stage it often resorted to terrorist acts. However, over the years it has gradually transformed into a legitimate political current....

Felix Houphouet-Boigny was President of the Republic Cote dIvoire between 1960 and 1993. During his reign, he undertook a policy openness which encouraged large number foreign immigrants, including Lebanese from Middle East. According to 1988 Population Housing Census, communities, dominated by West Africans, represented 28% total population. Alongside these, there is minority East, Lebanese. I...

The Armenian language is an independent branch of the Indo-European family and official Republic Armenia Artsakh. According to various reliable sources, average 3 million people in 10-12 Diaspora use as their native language. largest communities outside are United States America, Canada, Russian Federation, Islamic Iran, French Republic, Syrian Arab Lebanese Republic. This paper presents ArmSpe...

Lebanon is an eastern Mediterranean country inhabited by approximately four million people with a wide variety of ethnicities and religions, including Muslim, Christian, and Druze. In the present study, 926 Lebanese men were typed with Y-chromosomal SNP and STR markers, and unusually, male genetic variation within Lebanon was found to be more strongly structured by religious affiliation than by...

Little is known regarding the health and lifestyle behaviours of Australians of Lebanese ethnicity. The available evidence suggests that Australians of Lebanese ethnicity who were born in Lebanon reportedly have higher rates of cardiovascular disease-related and type 2 diabetes-related complications when compared with the wider Australian population. The aim of this study is to compare lifestyl...

BACKGROUND A significant number of Lebanese medical graduates have emigrated from Lebanon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the repatriation of Lebanese physicians educated abroad has contributed to the international emigration of recent Lebanese medical graduates. METHODS We analyzed the demographic and educational characteristics and the year of registration o...

With the demographic explosion, the human, social, and economic costs of osteoporosis in developing countries, including the Middle East, will continue to rise. In 2002, the Lebanese Guidelines for Osteoporosis Assessment and Treatment were developed to optimize quality of osteoporosis care in Lebanon and the region. They were endorsed by 5 Lebanese medical scientific societies, and by the East...

Diasporas are rarely analysed from a hospitality perspective. The paper reviews and expands on existent literature regarding the Lebanese Diaspora and focuses on the Lebanese Diaspora in London. The paper discusses the conditional and absolute notions of hospitality in relation to western and non-western cultural norms. Hospitality is thus examined from a cultural perspective in order to unders...

The present paper analyses local economic development issues through the prism of urban governance theories and models. From theoretical corpora to empirical LED case studies, we emphasise, through the anarchy paradigm, the privatisation tendencies of urban planning and development projects in local territories. We have taken an interest in comparative analysis of principal concepts and ...