oral contraceptive pills have several side effects especially on the gastrointestinal tract and liver. absorption of low dose (ld) pills by the vaginal route avoids the first pass of the steroids through these tracts and probably has fewer side effects. this study was a cohort study for evaluation of side effects and acceptability of ld pills administered by the vaginal route. in a clinical tri...

background:  about 75% of the symptomatic patients who involved with endometriosis have pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. pentoxifyllin is one of the drugs that according to its mechanism could be effective for pain relief of endometriosis which has been used for endometriosis treatment recently   objective: we conducted a comparative study for detecting the effect of pentoxifylin (as an immonomode...

based on epidemiologic data, women who take oral contraceptives seem to have an increased risk of developing thromboembollic disease. the thrombotic effects of oral contraceptive (oc) are probably mediated, at least partly through their effects on the coagulation system. plasma levels of several clotting factors have been shown to be elevated in oc users, and this increase is graduated accordin...

Background: Among the non-surgical methods of preventing conception, taking oral contraceptive pills is the most common way. Some of the studies have shown that contraceptive pills due to containing estrogen and progesterone cause lipid peroxidation and as a consequence increase the level of oxidative stress. Aim: To compare the level of plasma Malone dialdehide in LD contraceptive pill and con...

background: one of the biggest problem today that most developing countries are faced with is the uncontrolled population growth; a serious threat to the international community. one of the most accessible contraceptive methods is the hormonal methods in which low-dose estrogen (ld) combined pills are considered as the most common among them. the most important reason for discontinuation of the...

thirty young, healthy, nonsmoking women (mean age approximately 28 years) taking low-dose oral contraceptive pills were recruited for the study of the effects of these pills on coagulating factors. twenty subjects were taking ld pill (ethinyl estradiol 0.03 mg, levonorgestrel 0.15 mg) and 10 others were taking cilest (ethinyl estradiol 0.035 mg, norgestimate 0.25 mg) for six months. the control...

BACKGROUND About 75% of the symptomatic patients who involved with endometriosis have pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. Pentoxifyllin is one of the drugs that according to its mechanism could be effective for pain relief of endometriosis which has been used for endometriosis treatment recently. OBJECTIVE We conducted a comparative study for detecting the effect of pentoxifylin (as an immonomodela...

Background: Functional ovarian cysts include follicular, corpus luteum, and theca lutein cysts are the most common adenexal masses (about 50%) in women of reproductive age. Treatment with the combined monophasic oral contraceptives reduces functional ovarian cysts. Yaz (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol) is a low-dose combined oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg dro...