In a ring laser gyroscope, due to the rotation and the Sagnac effect, a phase difference between the two counter-propagating beams is generated. In this device, the higher phase difference between these two beams causes the better the interference pattern detection, and thus the sensitivity is increased. In this paper, the effect of inserting a dielectric-graphene photonic crystal inside a ring...

The ABCD matrix method is used to simplifying the theoretical coupling efficiency calculation of Elegant Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian (EHChG) laser beams to a Single Mode Fiber (SMF) with a quadric lens formed on the tip. The integrals of coupling efficiency relation are calculated numerically by Boole method. Meanwhile, the structure parameters of surface-lensed fiber are optimized in numerical simul...

We find the solutions of the Dirac equation for two plane waves (laser beams) and we determine the modified Compton formula for the scattering of two photons on an electron. The practical meaning of the two laser beams is, that two laser beams impinging on a target which is constituted from material in the form a foam, can replace 100-200 laser beams impinging on a normal target and it means th...

We find the solutions of the Dirac equation for two plane waves (laser beams) and we determine the modified Compton formula for the scattering of two photons on an electron. The practical meaning of the two laser beams is, that two laser beams impinging on a target which is constituted from material in the form a foam, can replace 100-200 laser beams impinging on a normal target and it means th...

We present a method to obtain power-balanced laser beams for doing quantum-state manipulation experiments with phase-stable double optical lattices. Double optical lattices are constructed using four pairs of overlapped laser beams with different frequencies. Our optical scheme provides a phase stability between the optical lattices of 5 mrad/s, and laser beams with a very clean polarisation st...

Planar laser polarization spectroscopy has recently been used to image the hydroxyl radical in combustion for small intersection angles of pump and probe beams. We report an experimental configuration that allows planar laser polarization imaging for perpendicular intersection of pump and probe beams. We demonstrate what to our knowledge is the first planar laser polarization spectroscopy imagi...

Optical engineers and researchers working on optics deal with laser beams and optical systems as usual tools in their specific areas. The knowledge of the special characteristics of the propagation of laser beams through optical systems has to be one of the keystones of their actual work, and the clear definition of their characteristic parameters has an important impact in the success of the a...

The cooling of molecules during the adiabatic expansion of supersonic seeded molecular beams is reviewed and illustrated by the example of NO -molecules. The reduction of the Doppler width by collimation of the beam and the cooling to low rotational temperatures brings a significant simplification of the complex NO -absorption spectrum and allows its assignment. The measured rotational tem...