Definition and Terminology The term “croup syndrome” refers to a group of diseases that varies in anatomic involvement and etiologic agents and includes laryngotracheitis, spasmodic croup, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis. Although the terms “laryngotracheitis” and “laryngotracheobronchitis” frequently are used interchangeably in the literatur...

Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) herpesvirus continues to cause sporadic cases of respiratory disease in chickens world-wide. Sources of transmission of ILT infection are three-fold, namely: chickens with acute upper respiratory tract disease, latently infected 'carrier' fowls which excrete infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) when stressed, and all fomites (inanimate articles as w...

10. Eden AN, Kaufman A, Yu R. Corticosteroids and croup: controlled double-blind study. JAMA 1967; 200: 403-04. 11. Koren G, Frand M, Barzilay Z, MacLeod SM. Corticosteroid treatment of laryngotracheitis v spasmodic croup in children. Am J Dis Child 1983; 137: 941-44. 12. Super DM, Cartelli NA, Brooks LJ, Lembo RM, Kumar ML. A prospective randomised double-blind study to evaluate the effect of ...

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare childhood disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by inflammatory, recurrent and destructive cartilage lesions. The chondritis could be widespread and involves generally laryngeal and auricular hyaline cartilages. We described a 9 years and 4 months old girl, who presented recurrent acute laryngotracheitis and laryngotracheal stenosis, which were the first...