this study constitutes an attempt to see what language assessment literacy (lal) isfor three groups of stakeholders, namely lal test developers, lal instructors, andlal test-takers. the perceptions of the former group were derived from the contentanalysis of the latest version of the lal test, and those of the latter 2 groups wereassessed through a survey designed by the researcher. participant...

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is essential for the hydrolysis of the triglycerides and cholesteryl esters in lysosomes. Its deficiency produces two phenotypes, a severe infantile-onset variant, Wolman disease (WD), and a later onset variant, cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). A mouse model with a LAL null mutation was produced by targeting disruption of the mouse gene. Homozygote knockout ...

The possibility of replacing the rabbit pyrogen test by the Limulus Amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, as a final release test for Large Volume Parenterals (LVPs) was investigated. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAL test and rabbit pyrogen assay were studied by means of artificially contaminated parenterals. Various LVPs (mostly containing electrolytes) were spiked with 0.5 and 5 EUlml o...

This study constitutes an attempt to see what Language assessment literacy (LAL) isfor three groups of stakeholders, namely LAL test developers, LAL instructors, andLAL test-takers. The perceptions of the former group were derived from the contentanalysis of the latest version of the LAL test, and those of the latter 2 groups wereassessed through a survey designed by the researcher. Participant...

The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test was evaluated for rapid detection of gram-negative bacteriuria in an adult patient population. Time to gelation of a standard LAL preparation was used as a measure of significant (greater than 10(5) bacteria per ml) gram-negative bacteriuria, and the results of 190 LAL assays were compared with quantitative urine cultures. Initially, 33 of 36 urine speci...

The underlying mechanisms that lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency causes infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in multiple organs and subsequent inflammation remain incompletely understood. Endothelial cells (ECs), lining the inner layer of blood vessels, constitute barriers regulating leukocytes transmigration to the site of inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that ...

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is essential for the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TG) and cholesteryl esters (CE) in lysosomes. A mouse model created by gene targeting produces no LAL mRNA, protein, or enzyme activity. The lal-/- mice appear normal at birth, survive into adulthood, and are fertile. Massive storage of TG and CE is observed in adult liver, adrenal glands, and small intestine. The age...

This year celebrates the 30th anniversary of the licensing of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a test for the presence of endotoxin in biologicals, pharmaceutical drugs, and medical devices. LAL is currently recognized by several major pharmacopoeias and is used worldwide. That a suitable alternative for the detection of endotoxin has not supplanted...

Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) sampling method transformed hard-to-digest materials to soluble particles, and thus allowed for smooth decomposition by acid digestion. LAL sampling is useful to generate nanoparticles from samples with less contamination. After acid digestion, trace elements in the LAL-sampled particles were analyzed by solution nebulization inductively coupled plasma mass spectr...