The conception of knowledge by the engineers charged with building expert systems contrasts sharply with that of social scientists. However, the narrow focus of Diana Forsythe on knowledge engineers missed a respect of the effects of representing knowledge in the larger AI community [FOR2]. In “What Is a Knowledge Representation” [DAVIS], Davis et al. describe the five roles of a knowledge repr...

Representation of knowledge is used to store and retrieve informational data in a machine. Since meaning cannot be directly stored in the computer; this work proposes a series of levels of representation. The meaning of the data is transformed to a format that the machine can use to store and retrieve knowledge. These levels are designed to transform the knowledge from an abstract definition to...

This work analyses main features that should be present in knowledge representation. It suggests a model for representation and a way to implement this model in software. Representation takes care of both low-level sensor information and high-level concepts.

In 1982, Allen Newell introduced the “knowledge level” principle (Newell, 1982) and revolutionized the traditional way of conceiving the relationships between knowledge management and computer science. According to this principle, the knowledge level represents the highest level in the description of any structured system: Situated above and independent from the “symbol level,” it describes the...