the first steps towards modernity in the west, the role of god supergood the first and then fell to the divine watchmaker then to maintain the mstmrkhdavnd, breach of narsayy hay ignore the laws of nature were raised by both the theologians and the scientific point of view, was not satisfied. creator and retired architect, reducing the efficient cause of atm ha force and thus deny the agency fo...

We introduce a new knowledge operator called ``knowing whether.'' Knowing whether an event occurred means either knowing that it occurred or knowing that it did not occur. We demonstrate the following difference between ``knowing whether'' and ``knowing that.'' In a multiple agent model, a sequence of events generated by successively applying ``knowing that'' operators, or their negations, may ...

Though there is a huge amount of the so-called epistemic logics that deal with propositional attitudes, i.e., sentences form “a knows P”, their ‘wh-cousins’ who what P is”, which Ps are Qs”, etc., have been, to best my knowledge, almost neglected. A similar disproportion can be observed between analysis Yes-No questions, has been under scrutiny many erotetic logics, and Wh-questions dealt just ...

More than forty years after Gilbert Ryle published his paper on "Knowing How and Knowing That" in 1945, 1 the problem of practical knowledge has still failed to establish for itself a secure position in the field of problems dealt with by analytic philosophers. Thus even today it can safely be asserted that it is discursive or theoretical knowledge, knowledge linguistically expressed, above all...

We introduce a new operator on information structures which we call `knowing whether' as opposed to the standard knowledge operator which may be called `knowing that'. The di erence between these operators is simple. Saying that an agent knows that a certain event occurred implies that this event indeed occurred, while saying that the agent knows whether an event occurred does not imply that th...