from among the arabic alphabet, hamza is the only vowel with four orthographic variations of (alone), (above a w?w), (above and under an ‘alif) and (above a dotless y?). such an orthographic variation for hamza has caused spelling problems for writers mainly those who write in both arabic and persian. the present article is to reach the following objectives: 1. introducing the right orthography...

elegiac poetry written about the ahlolbeit (the holy prophet’s household) in khuzestani arabic is a rich folklore source. this poetic genre is beautiful and appealing and almost comprehensible for its audience. however, it is mysteriously difficult for all to read. this often leads to misunderstandings. the incomprehensibility of khuzestani arabic may be due to different reasons. for example,...

fiction has a special position because of its charisma and special charm and is considered as an important literary device; the most important task of story is to promote the moral and spiritual virtues of characters and to fight evil and injustices. therefore, dedicated novelist should try not only to entertain the reader but also to be aware of his ultimate goal; which is to teach and to info...

For Arabic, diacritizing written text is important for many NLP tasks. In the work presented here, we investigate the quality of a diacritization approach, with a high success rate for treebank data but with a more limited success on realworld data. One of the problems we encountered is the non-standard use of the hamza diacritic, which leads to a decrease in diacritization accuracy. If an auto...

• Initial hamza: • BN: All initial hamzas (glottal stops) are heard and transcribed with either a-, such as نإِ an~a (that) • Newswire (NW): Neutralized نا An form very common (1.5% of tokens in ATB3) • Annotators forced to distinguish between aforms based on context • The two forms require different POS and tree annotations, different guidelines For initial ...

1. Some Extended Arabic characters are typographical variants of characters already adequately covered by the corresponding Basic Arabic Characters; 2. 0626 ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE is actually a representation form of two nominal characters: 06D5 ARABIC LETTER AE followed by 0621 ARABIC LETTER HAMZA; 3. The graphemes for the aspirated phonemes of Urdu should be added; 06BE ARABIC LET...

CORRECTION After the publication [1] it came to the attention of the authors that one of the co-authors was incorrectly included as Hamza Somrain. The correct spelling is as follows: Hamzeh Sumrein.