the basic issue in this article is to analyze the relationships of characters in nezami’s khosrow & shirin by using of greimas’s actors pattern. in nezami’s narrative we found the six actors that greimas mentioned; including: transmitter, recipient, subject, object, helper, and deterrent. according to the results of this article the transmitter is part of khosrow’s character – his unconsciousne...

the iranian-islamic sources have testified to the importance of gundishapour as the largest scientific center, having a medical school and one of the largest hospitals of ancient world in which renown physicians and the scholars of age, from various nationalities, were employed to teach, to do research, and to treat patients. in this scientific centre, greek medicine linked with indian medicine...

Until recently, 32 Middle Persian inscriptions documenting the construction of Derbent defensive complex and dating from very end 560s. AD were known. Now has been replenished with two more - No. 33 34, opened by authors in 2016 2021, respectively. Inscription is located between towers 18 19 northern city wall central part curtain, at a height 1.5 m. It poor preservation. But, nevertheless, its...

in ancient times, nomad tribes of the north caucasus, passing through caucasian natural gates, most importantly among them, darial and derbent, plundered wealthy southern regions. during of reign of khosrow anushirvan, the sasanian king built strong fortresses along these passages, and caucasian nomadic tribes of the north caucasus could no longer pass through these two passages to invade south...

Structural study of Khosrow Parviz silver coins present in the museum Bu Ali Sina tomb using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy method