The present research studies and compares the effect of participating in team sports (soccer and volleyball) and individual sports (table tennis and badminton) on depression among high school students of Khoramdareh City in the period of 2006-2007. Research method is semi-empirical and the population of the research includes 1300 high school students of which 100 students with depression (rangi...

Symptomatic grapevine samples were collected from vineyards in Zanjan province to detect Grapevine virus A. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaf samples and subjected to cDNA synthesis using random hexamer primers. Then, a DNA fragment around 800 bp including the complete coat protein (CP) gene was amplified from nine out of 57 samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific ...

accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (etc) plays an important role in improving the water useefficiency (wue) and water management. due to the presence of different types of coatings plant in large areas, the accurate calculation of the water requirements by conventional methods is elusive or impossible. remote sensing methods are becoming attractive to estimate crop evapotranspiratio...

agriculture sector in iran and some other countries of the world has a vital role in national development. animal husbandry sub-sector needed meat of the society, creating related jobs and producing raw materials of some industries. acquiring scientific and sound information of the current situation of regions are important and imitative step in improvement program planning. the purpose of this...

farmers' behavior can be affected by different socio-economic factors. the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of interpersonal information sources on grape farmers’ behavior in terms of optimum use of fertilizers in their vineyards. the data for this survey were collected using a questionnaire through structured interviews. a sample of 260 out of 3942 grape farmers of the khora...

study of the spatial distribution of a pest and its natural enemies provides better decision tool for integrated pest management. the spatial distribution and seasonal activity of panonychus ulmi (koch) and its predator zetzellia mali (ewing) were studied in an apple orchard in khoramdareh (zanjan province, iran) during 2007. the interaction (density dependence) between the prey and its predato...

introductionin comparison with fossil fuels which pollute the lower layer of the atmosphere, use of windenergy has many environmental and economic advantages. wind is a clean and renewableenergy resource and use of the energy in the recent decades has been welcomed so much in theworld. energy plays an important role in the development of each society. all differentactivities including housing, ...

introduction: plant diseases caused by geminiviruses are one of the main constraints of legume production in the world. they are responsible for a constraint on production of various crops. geminiviruses are characterized by their twinned icosahedral particles and their single-stranded dna genome. the family geminiviridae is grouped into four genera: begomovirus, mastrevirus, curtovirus and top...