Removing local communities from lands that they have been exploiting for generations without consultation or adequate compensation can result in retaliation and hostile attitudes toward the objectives of the protected areas.Therefore, this study examines the application of willingness to participate of local communities in the conservation of national parks. For the empirical observations, Iran...

in arid and semi-arid rangelands, grazing as one of the natural or human induced processes has direct and indirect effects on structure and dynamics of plant community and ecosystems. a study was done to analyze the effects of grazing on plant species diversity and plant functional types‘ (pfts) diversity of arid and semi-arid rangelands. we analyzed plant richness and diversity data from 75 sa...

khabr national park and ruchun wildlife refuge are situated in the southeast of iran, kerman province. although snakes are an important group in the studied area, little is known regarding their diversity. the present study was carried out from march 2009 to late summer 2010. in this study, 74 specimens were collected (or observed) and identified, belonging to four families, 14 genera, and 17 s...

Present paper includes the result of new expeditions carried out in order to collect Noctuidae from Khabr National Park, Kerman, south Iran. The description a Polymixis species, (Eremophysa) fakherehsabae Shirvani, sp. nov. is given. species compared with its close relatives, besides, bionomic and distribution P. are presented together adult male genitalia illustrations. Provincial belonging su...

Boujagh National Park is the first founded land-marine national park in Iran and the first national park in Gilan Province, N. Iran. This area is a critical refuge for a lot of migratory birds and so many valuable coastal flora and fauna. The present study revealed that, the flora of this area comprises 248 vascular plants and 10 bryophytes out of which six taxa are endemic for the flora of Ira...

In arid and semi-arid rangelands, grazing as one of the natural or human induced processes has direct and indirect effects on structure and dynamics of plant community and ecosystems. A study was done to analyze the effects of grazing on plant species diversity and Plant Functional Types‘ (PFTs) diversity of arid and semi-arid rangelands. We analyzed plant richness and diversity data from 75 sa...

Abstract The impact of rainfall and light interception by litter on maintenance of surface soil water content is determined in an arid rangeland in Khabr National Park in south-east of Iran. Litter weight sampling is done by 90 square plots, each 1 m2, that are randomly placed within site. After determining the intensity of a typical storm of the region (20 mm/h), the rainfall duration requir...

in the present study, the tangrah region located in the vicinity of golestannational park was selected for exploring the changes in the amount of the secondaryessential of hypericin in hypericum perforatum in different highlands of the easterngolestan province. the aerial flowered parts of the herb were collected randomly and inthree replications from four altitudes of 300 m, 600 m, 900 m, and ...

Despite the fact that national parks and other protected areas are mostly adopting the sustainable development process, it was found that sustainability has yet to be perceived pragmatically in these areas. Due to its process, this paper presents a monitoring framework approach to develop and implement indicators for sustainable tourism. To illustrate the application of the framework, a set of ...